‘I am sorry, but I have to speak Korean’: stancetaking through apology in public speech at an ‘English only’ Korean university

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the ways in which apology functions as a stance act at public speech events. Rather than focusing on speakers’ intentions, in this study I pay attention to indexical meanings associated with apologies in a specific context. The study primarily analyses apology sequences that involve code-switching, which were drawn from ethnographic data gathered in a Korean university where English has been adopted as its official language (EOL). Data analysis shows that the use of apology allows speakers to take a stance towards their language choice and the institutional language policy. Both apology and speakers’ metalinguistic articulations prior to code-switching reflect and reinforce the two language ideologies: (1) the language policy is intended to serve for international members of the university, and (2), Korean can be used when needed. A closer look at the way in which apology is used in specific contexts suggests that speakers’ main purpose of apology is self-presentation in a public event. Apology functions to index speaker’s defiance of an institution’s language policy while avoiding their responsibility for the action. The sociolinguistic concept of stance allows us to better understand speakers’ positioning with respect to norms and expectations informed by institutional language policy.

KEYWORDS:

• Apology
• stance
• language ideology
• code-switching
• Korea
• English as an official language

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive critiques on earlier versions of this article. Any remaining flaws are all mine.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Global University is a pseudonym for the university where I conducted ethnographic fieldwork for this paper. In order to maintain the institution’s anonymity, it will remain marked as ‘GU’.

2 Transcription convention: bold = analytic emphasis; () = non-verbal behaviour; (.) = pause; [ ] = translated utterance; ‘=’ = overlap; italic = Korean (Romanised). Korean text is also given below the Romanised text.

Additional information

Funding

This project was possible thanks to the UNIST G-Project Funding and UNIST Special Grant [grant number 1.170066].