Exploring use of titania–bentonite composite for adsorptive detoxification of crystal violet dye in eco-friendly way

Abstract

In this work, we explored the adsorptive detoxification potential of titania–bentonite clay composite for removing a cationic dye (crystal violet) from aqueous medium. Fresh clay composite sample were prepared by impregnated method, followed by spectroscopic characterization by SEM, FTIR, and EDX. After that, in batch studies dye removal were examined. The results under optimum conditions showed that this composite material has a 96% elimination capacity. Maximum removal of crystal violet was 49.26 mg/g, following Pseudo-second order kinetic model occurred at pH 8, at 125 rpm and 25 ppm initial concentration at 45 °C. Kinetics of reactions and isotherm models were investigated. Adsorption data showing the presence of monolayer adsorption were fitted using the Langmuir isotherm model. Chemisorption was shown to prevail according to Temkin isotherm criteria. Pseudo-second-order kinetics was followed in this case. For removing dye from industrial effluents, this titania–bentonite composite serves as a nonbiodegradable, low-cost, reliable, and ecologically safe adsorbent.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Titania–bentonite clay composites
• cationic dye
• wastewater treatment
• adsorption

Acknowledgement

Authors are thankful to home institute for facilitating this work.

Disclosure Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding this publication.

Data Availability Statement

All related data is mentioned here along with references.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.