A metal-organic capsule self-assembled by hydrogen bonds for adsorption of methylene blue

ABSTRACT

Dyes are a class of hazardous chemicals that can cause harm to the environment and life on earth. However, it remains a huge challenge for the effective removal of the dyes. Herein, a new metal-organic capsule {[Cu(L)(bpy)(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n (1) was synthesised by (4,4’-(((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(sulfanediyl))bis (methylene)) dibenzoic acid, 2,2’-bipyridine and CuCl₂∙2 H₂O under solvothermal condition. Interestingly, two inversion asymmetric units are connected by O-H···O and O-H···N to form a centrosymmetric capsule with cavity. The intermolecular interactions were further quantitatively analysed and visualised by the CrystalExplorer 17.5. Notably, complex 1 can effectively adsorb methylene blue (MB), and the adsorption performance is linearly correlated with MB concentration. When the concentration of MB was increased from 10 to 50 mg∙L⁻¹, the adsorption performance of 1 was increased from 17.68 to 66.79 mg∙g⁻¹, while reduced the MB removal efficiency from 88.4% to 66.4%. The adsorption process is suitable for the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir model. Furthermore, complex 1 showed the good recyclability and stability for at least five runs.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Metal-organic capsule
• hydrogen bonding
• π-π stacking
• Hirshfeld surface analysis
• dyes adsorption
• methylene blue

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10610278.2023.2260042.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the [National Natural Science Foundation of China] under Grant [number 21771096].