Health-related quality of life and cognitive function in children with Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1

ABSTRACT

Background

The aim of the study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognitive function in patients with Crigler–Najjar syndrome (CNS) type I and its impact on their lives.

Methods

Twenty-one patients diagnosed with CNS type I aged 1 month to 18 years in the Paediatric Hepatology Unit of Cairo University Children’s Hospital were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study. The patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality Of Life BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36). Cognitive function was assessed using the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale: Fifth Edition (SB5).

Results

All patients had a history of admission to a neonatal intensive care unit, 17 were managed by phototherapy only and 5 also underwent exchange transfusion. According to the WHOQOL questionnaire, 11 cases (52.4%) had a low QOL score, and 7 of 13 patients had an average score for their total IQ test. Cases with poor compliance to phototherapy had statistically significantly lower QOL scores (p=0.001), while, according to the SF36 survey, cases who received exchange transfusion had statistically significantly higher cognitive function (p=0.03). There was a positive correlation between the neurological effect as a complication of the disease and poor physical QOL.

Conclusion

Paediatric patients with CNS have significantly lower HRQOL, especially physically, psychologically and environmentally. It is recommended that assessment of HRQOL should be a routine part of follow-up in CNS patients. Patients whose HRQOL is affected receive regular psychiatric counselling, social support and rehabilitation.

Abbreviations: CNS: Crigler–Najjar syndrome; HRQOL: health-related quality of life; IQ: intelligence quotient; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; QOL: quality of life; SB5: Stanford–Binet intelligence scale: 5th edition; SF–36: Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire; UDGT: uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase; UGT1A1: uridine 5’–diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase; WHOQOL–BREF: World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version.

KEYWORDS:

• Paediatric
• quality of life
• CNS type I
• IQ tests
• cognitive function

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2024.2309727

Availability of data and material

The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

Funding was received for the project in 2017 from the Orphan Disease Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA: https://www.orphandiseasecenter.med.upenn.edu/awarded-grants/31m9bj589ss5sljugbghtq1loup926