How to study political parties: from civil society to the state and back. The Peter Mair lecture 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Patterns of member activism and political engagement in parties and groups.

	Normative Yardstick	Participation		Representation
	Empirical Dimensions	Member Activism		Political Activities
	Selected Explanatory Variables	Member Control	Member Involvement	Politicization	Political Action Repertoire
Primary purpose	Party vs. Interest Group/ Service-oriented Organization^11		+	+	+
Features prominent in parties	Individual vs Corporate Membership Composition		−	−	−
	Outward Orientation vs. Member Interest Orientation		−	+	+
Central organizational characteristics	Membership Size	−	−		+
	Membership Instability			+	+
	Organizational Age	+			−
	Volunteer Staff		+		−
	Professionalization	−	+	+	+
	Bureaucratization		+	+	+

Notes: Reports only significant effects robust across different model specifications, − indicates negative relationship, + a positive relationship; cells are empty when no robust significant relationship (at least on 0.05 level) was found.