The expression of CD200 and CD23 on B lymphocytes in the pollen season and outside the pollen season in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristic of patients.

	Dupilumab treated patients		Dupilumab untreated patients
	13 (7 men, 6 women) Age^a 43.4 years (38.6–48.3)		21 (6 men, 15 women) Age^a 36.9 years (27.2–48.7)
	Pollen season	Out of pollen season	Pollen season	Out of pollen season
EASI	11.7 (8.5–19.2)	10.1 (8.2–17.2)	35.2 (28.5–38.2)	33.5 (25.2–39.5)
SCORAD	11.5 (7.9–18.2)	10.5 (7.1–18.2)	32.3 (26.7–41.2)	30.6 (25.9–40.5)
POEM	4.2 (2–6)	4.2 (2–6)	14.3 (9–18)	15.6 (10–19)
DLQI	3.2 (1–5)	3.2 (1–5)	12.5 (8–15)	12.5 (8–15)
Control group	40 healthy subjects 18 men, 22 women, age 42.3, S.D. 9.1	30 healthy subjects 10 men, 20 women, age 44.1, S.D. 9.7	40 healthy subjects 18 men, 22 women, age 42.3, S.D. 9.1	30 healthy subjects 10 men, 20 women, age 44.1, S.D. 9.7

SCORAD: Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis; EASI: Eczema Area and Severity Index; POEM: Patient Oriented Eczema Measure; DLQI: Dermatology Life Quality Index.

The characteristic of 13 AD patients with dupilumab therapy and of 21 AD patients without dupilumab therapy. The mean values (minimal, maximal) of SCORAD, EASI, POEM, and DLQI are recorded.

^a Age is recorded at first examination during period out of pollen season.

Table 2. The number of patients (%) with positive result to molecular components according to ALEX2 Allergy Xplorer.

	Dupilumab treated patients	Dupilumab untreated patients
Bet v 1 (PR 10 protein, birch)	7 (53.9%)	10 (47.7%)
Cyn d (beta expansin, Bermuda grass)	8 (61.5%)	8 (40.0%)
Fag s 1 (PR-10 protein, European beech)	6 (54.5%)	9 (47.4%)
Cor a 1.0103 (PR-10 protein, hazel pollen)	6 (54.5%)	8 (42.1%)
Phl p 1 (beta expansin, Timothy grass)	10 (76.9%)	14 (66.7%)
Cora 1.0401 (PR-10 protein, hazel pollen)	7 (53.9%)	8 (42.1%)
Lol p 1 (beta expansin, rye grass)	7 (63.6%)	12 (63.2%)
Phl p 2 (expansin, Timothy grass)	8 (72.7%)	5 (26.3%)
Phl p 5 (grass group 5/6, Timothy grass),	7 (53.8%)	12 (57.1%)
Phl p 6 (grass group 5/6, Timothy grass)	7 (53.8%)	12 (57.1%)
Secc pollen (cultivated rye, pollen)	7 (63.6%)	10 (52.63%)
Pollen allergy – total	12 (93.3%)	14 (66.7%)

Table 3. The count of leukocytes and lymphocytes in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season compared to control group-horizontal comparison.

	The count of absolute leukocytes (×10^9/l)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	6.74	6.98	6.66
Out of pollen season	7.07	7.30	5.68
p Value
	The count of absolute lymphocytes (×10^9/l)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	1.77	1.97	2.03
Out of pollen season	1.80	1.72	1.76
p Value

DUP–: patients without dupilumab treatment; DUP+: patients with dupilumab treatment.

The comparison of results in AD patients and in control group in pollen season and out of pollen season-vertical comparison. The median value is recorded. The median value is recorded. We show the significant difference in statistical analysis, p value <.05. An empty field for the p value means that no significant difference was found.

Table 4. The count of CD23 B lymphocytes and their subsets in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season compared to control group – horizontal comparison.

	Expression of CD23 on memory B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	9.07	9.46	6.03		<0.001	<0.001
Out of pollen season	10.97	10.43	6.48		<0.001	<0.001
p Value
	Expression of CD23 on memory B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	48.0	50.0	26.0		<0.01	<0.01
Out of pollen season	53.0	61.0	56.0
p Value	<.001	<.001	<.001
	Expression of CD23 on naive B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	10.39	10.0	7.40		<0.001	<0.001
Out of pollen season	11.02	9.66	6.70		<0.001	<0.001
p Value		<.05
	Expression of CD23 on naive B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	88.0	91.0	80.5		<0.01	<0.01
Out of pollen season	84.0	91.0	87.5
p Value		<.05	<.01
	Expression of CD23 on non-switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	10.74	11.23	7.89		<0.001	<0.001
Out of pollen season	11.15	12.2	6.91		<0.001	<0.001
p Value
	Expression of CD23 on non-switched B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	65.0	75.0	47.0		<0.01	<0.01
Out of pollen season	61.0	64.0	55.5
p Value	<.05	<.05	<.05
	Expression of CD23 on switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	4.34	3.89	3.51
Out of pollen season	4.90	4.22	2.34		<0.001	<0.001
p Value			<.001
	Expression of CD23 on switched B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	20.0	15.0	12.0		<0.01
Out of pollen season	19.0	14.0	23.5
p Value			<.001
	Expression of CD23 on total B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	10.14	9.82	7.22		<0.001	<0.05
Out of pollen season	10.5	9.54	6.45		<0.001	<0.001
p Value
	Expression of CD23 total B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	71.0	75.0	60.5		<0.05	<0.05
Out of pollen season	69.0	73.0	69.5
p Value	<.05		<.05

DUP–: patients without dupilumab treatment; DUP+: patients with dupilumab treatment; MFI: laboratory unit in flow cytometry.

The median value is recorded. The comparison of results in AD patients and in control group in pollen season and out of pollen season-vertical comparison. We show the significant difference in statistical analysis, p Value <.05. An empty field for the p value means that no significant difference was found.

Table 5. The count of CD200 B lymphocytes and their subsets in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season compared to control group – horizontal comparison.

	Expression of CD200 on memory B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	3.88	3.69	3.555
Out of pollen season	4.53	4.13	3.905
p Value	<.05		<.05
	Expression of CD200 on memory B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	28.0	25.0	13.0		<0.01	<0.01
Out of pollen season	36.0	44.0	34.0
p Value	<.001	<.001	<.001
	Expression of CD200 on naive B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	3.67	3.71	3.84
Out of pollen season	4.37	4.35	3.89
p Value	<.01
	Expression of CD200 on naive B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	67.0	66.0	64.5
Out of pollen season	64.0	69.0	70.0
p Value
	Expression of CD200 on non-switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	3.84	3.69	3.66
Out of pollen season	4.72	4.04	3.78
p Value	<.01
	Expression of CD200 on non-switched B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	38.0	48.0	25.5			<0.05
Out of pollen season	30.0	43.0	34.5
p Value			<.05
	Expression of CD200 on switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	3.40	3.61	3.24
Out of pollen season	3.45	4.05	3.21
p Value
	Expression of CD200 on switched B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	4.0	2.5	4.0		<0.05
Out of pollen season	4.0	4.0	4.0
p Value
	Expression of CD200 on total B lymphocytes (MFI)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	3.83	3.71	3.815
Out of pollen season	4.42	4.31	3.86
p Value	<.05
	Expression of CD200 on total B lymphocytes (%)
	DUP–	DUP+	Control	DUP–/DUP+	DUP–/control	DUP+/control
Pollen season	52.0	53.0	44.0
Out of pollen season	49.0	53.0	54.0
p Value

DUP–: patients without dupilumab treatment; DUP+: patients with dupilumab treatment; MFI: laboratory unit in flow cytometry.

The median value is recorded. The comparison of results in AD patients in pollen season and out of pollen season-vertical comparison. We show the significant difference in statistical analysis, p Value <.05. An empty field for the p value means that no significant difference was found.

Table 6. The review of monitored parameters in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season in comparison to control group.

	Pollen season – compared to control group		Out of pollen season – compared to control group
	DUP+	DUP–	DUP+	DUP–
CD23 memory B lymphocytes (MFI)	↑	↑	↑	↑
CD23 memory B lymphocytes (%)	↑	↑
CD23 naive B lymphocytes (MFI)	↑	↑	↑	↑
CD23 naive B lymphocytes (%)	↑	↑
CD23 non-switched B lymphocytes (MFI)	↑	↑	↑	↑
CD23 non-switched B lymphocytes (%)	↑	↑
CD23 switched B lymphocytes (MFI)			↑	↑
CD23 switched B lymphocytes (%)		↑
CD23 total B lymphocytes (MFI)	↑	↑	↑	↑
CD23 total B lymphocytes (%)	↑	↑
CD200 memory B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD200 memory B lymphocytes (%)	↑	↑
CD200 naive B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD200 naive B lymphocytes (%)
CD200 non-switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD200 non-switched B lymphocytes (%)	↑
CD200 switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD200 total B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD200 total B lymphocytes (%)

(↑) significantly higher count in comparison to control; (↓) significantly lower count in comparison to control.

Table 7. The intercomparison of monitored parameters in AD patients (with and without dupilumab therapy) and in control group in pollen season compared to the count out of pollen season.

	Pollen season
	DUP+	DUP–	Control group
Absolute leukocytes (×10^9/l)
Absolute lymphocytes (×10^9/l)
CD23 memory B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD23 memory B lymphocytes (%)	↓	↓	↓
CD23 naive B lymphocytes (MFI)	↑
CD23 naive B lymphocytes (%)			↓
CD23 non-switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD23 non-switched % B lymphocytes	↑	↑	↓
CD23 switched B lymphocytes (MFI)			↑
CD23 switched B lymphocytes (%)			↓
CD23 total B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD23 total B lymphocytes (%)		↑	↓
CD200 memory B lymphocytes (MFI)		↓
CD200 memory B lymphocytes (%)	↓	↓	↓
CD200 naive B lymphocytes (MFI)		↓
CD200 naive B lymphocytes (%)
CD200 non-switched B lymphocytes (MFI)		↓
CD200 non-switched B lymphocytes (%)			↓
CD200 switched B lymphocytes (MFI)
CD200 total B lymphocytes (MFI)		↓
CD200 total B lymphocytes (%)

(↑) significantly higher count; (↓) significantly lower count.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.