The changes of leukocytes and T lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy and in control group in pollen season compared to out of pollen season

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristic of patients.

	Dupilumab treated patients		Dupilumab untreated patients
	13 (7 Men, 6 women), Age* 43.4 years (38.6–48.3)		21 (6 Men, 15 women), Age* 36.9 years (27.2–48.7)
Bet v 1 (PR 10 protein, birch)	7 (53.9 %)		10 (47.7 %)
Cyn d  (Beta expansin, Bermuda grass)	8 (61.5 %)		8 (40.0 %)
Fag s 1 (PR-10 protein, European beech)	6 (54.5 %)		9 (47.4 %)
Cor a 1.0103  (PR-10 protein, hazel pollen)	6 (54.5 %)		8 (42.1%)
Phl p 1 (Beta expansin, Timothy grass)	10 (76.9 %)		14 (66.7 %)
Cora 1.0401  (PR-10 protein, hazel pollen)	7 (53.9 %)		8 (42.1 %)
Lol p 1 (Beta expansin, rye grass)	7 (63.6 %)		12 (63.2 %)
Phl p 2 (Expansin, Timothy grass)	8 (72.7 %)		5 (26.3 %)
Phl p 5 (grass group 5/6, Timothy grass),	7 (53.8 %)		12 (57.1 %)
Phl p 6 (grass group 5/6, Timothy grass),	7 (53.8 %)		12 (57.1 %)
Secc pollen (Cultivated rye, pollen)	7 (63.6 %)		10 (52.63 %)
Pollen allergy - total	12 (93.3 %)		14 (66.7 %)
	Pollen season	Out of pollen season	Pollen season	Out of pollen season
EASI	11.7 (8.5-19.2) 36.1 (25.5-39.2)**	10.1 (8.2-17.2) 32.1 (26.2-40.5)**	35.2 (28.5-38.2)	33.5 (25.2-39.5)
SCORAD	11.5 (7.9-18.2) 33.1 (24.7-45.3)**	10.5 (7.1-18.2) 32.6 (24.9-45.5)**	32.3 (26.7-41.2)	30.6 (25.9-40.5)
POEM	4.2 (2-6)	4.2 (2-6)	14.3 (9-18)	15.6 (10-19)
DLQI	3.2 (1-5)	3.2 (1-5)	12.5 (8-15)	12.5 (8-15)
Control group	40 healthy subjects 18 men, 22 women, age 42.3 s.d. 9.1	30 healthy subjects 10 men, 20 women, age 44.1 s.d.9.7	40 healthy subjects 18 men, 22 women, age 42.3 s.d. 9.1	30 healthy subjects 10 men, 20 women, age 44.1 s.d.9.7

The characteristic of 13 AD patients with dupilumab therapy and of 21 AD patients without dupilumab therapy. The number of patients (%) with positive result to molecular components according to ALEX2 Allergy Xplorer. The mean values (minimal, maximal) of SCORAD, EASI, POEM, DLQI are recorded. SCORAD – scoring of atopic dermatitis, EASI-Eczema area and severity Index, POEM-Patient oriented Eczema measure, DLQI-Dermatology life quality Index. *age is recorded at first examination during period out of pollen season.** the mean values (minimal, maximal) of SCORAD, EASI before starting the dupilumab therapy (5, 6).

Table 2. The absolute and relative count of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season.

	The count of absolute leukocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	6.74	6.98	6.66
Out of pollen season	7.07	7.3	5.68
p-Value
	The count of absolute lymphocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	1.77	1.97	2.03
Out of pollen season	1.80	1.72	1.76
p-Value
	The count of absolute neutrophils 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	4.39	3.89	3.26		<0.05
Out of pollen season	4.2	4.94	3.19		<0.05	<0.01
p-value
	The count of relative neutrophils %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	62.0	54.0	55.5		<0.05
Out of pollen season	68.0	69.0	54.0		<0.05
p-Value
	The count of absolute monocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	0.36	0.35	0.11		<0.001	<0.001
Out of pollen season	0.46	0.55	0.39			<0.05
p-Value	<0.05	<0.01	<0.001
	The count of relative monocytes %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	6.0	5.0	6.0
Out of pollen season	7.0	7.0	6.0
p-value	<0.05	<0.05

Table 3. The absolute and relative count of eosinophils, relative CD16+ eosinophils, the absolute and relative count of basophils and relative CD203+ basophils in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season.

	The count of absolute eosinophils 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	0.15	0.22	0.04		<0.001	<0.001
Out of pollen season	0.36	0.41	0.17		<0.05	<0.05
p-Value	<0.001		<0.001
	The count of relative eosinophils %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	2.4	3.5	2.3
Out of pollen season	6.9	4.8	2.5		<0.05
p-Value	<0.001	<0.05
	The count of relative CD16+ eosinophils %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	7.0	27.0	3.0			<0.05
Out of pollen season	11.0	30.0	21.0
p-Value			<0.05
	The count of absolute basophils 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	0.03	0.04	0.01		<0.001	<0.001
Out of pollen season	0.03	0.03	0.03
p-Value			<0.001
	The count of relative basophils %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	92.0	55.0	76.0			<0.05
Out of pollen season	81.0	50.0	77.0	<0.01		<0.05
p-value
	The count of relative CD203+ basophils %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	92.0	55.0	76.0			<0.05
Out of pollen season	81.0	50.0	77.0	<0.01		<0.05
p-Value

Table 4. The absolute and relative count of T lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, regulatory T lymphocytes) and NK cells in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season.

	The count of absolute T lymphocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	1.38	1.37	1.42
Out of pollen season	1.3	1.41	1.2
p-Value			<0.05
	The count of absolute NK cells 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	0.16	0.17	0.19
Out of pollen season	0.2	0.2	0.18
p-value	<0.05
	The count of absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	1.14	1.34	1.32
Out of pollen season	1.14	1.32	1.07
p-Value
	The count of relative CD4+ T lymphocytes %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	68.0	76.0	65.0
Out of pollen season	65.0	74.0	62.5			<0.001
p-Value
	The count of relative CD + 8 T lymphocytes %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	28.0	22.0	32.0			<0.01
Out of pollen season	25.0	22.0	31.0			<0.001
p-value
	The count of absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	0.54	0.45	0.70			<0.05
Out of pollen season	0.50	0.36	0.60			<0.05
p- Value
	The count of relative T regulatory lymphocytes %
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	1.0	1.4	0.9			<0.05
Out of pollen season	0.9	1.0	0.8
p-Value	<0.05
	The count of absolute T regulatory lymphocytes 10^9/l
	DUP-	DUP+	Control	DUP -/ DUP+	DUP -/ control	DUP + /control
Pollen season	0.02	0.02	0.02
Out of pollen season	0.02	0.02	0.01
p-value

Table 5. The review of monitored parameters in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season and out of pollen season in comparison to control group.

	Pollen season – compared to control group		Out of pollen season –compared to control group
	Dupilumab yes	Dupilumab no	Dupilumab yes	Dupilumab no
Absolute leukocytes
Absolute lymphocytes
Absolute neutrophils		↑	↑	↑
Relative neutrophils		↑		↑
Absolute monocytes	↑	↑	↑
Relative monocytes
Absolute eosinophils	↑	↑	↑	↑
Relative eosinophils				↑
Relative CD16+ eosinophils	↑
Absolute basophils	↑	↑
Relative basophils	↓		↓
Relative CD203+ basophils	↓		↓
Absolute T lymphocytes
Absolute NK cells
Absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes
Relative CD4 +T lymphocytes			↑
Relative CD8+ T lymphocytes	↓		↓
Absolute CD8 +T lymphocytes	↓		↓
Relative T regulatory lymphocytes	↑
Absolute T regulatory lymphocytes

Explanation: ↑- significantly higher count in comparison to control, ↓significantly lower count in comparison to control.

Table 6. The intercomparison of monitored parameters in AD patients with and without dupilumab therapy in pollen season compared to the count out of pollen season.

	The differences of monitored parameters in pollen season compared to the count out of pollen season
	Dupilumab yes	Dupilumab no	Control group
Absolute leukocytes
Absolute lymphocytes
Absolute neutrophils
Relative neutrophils
Absolute monocytes	↓		↓
Relative monocytes	↓	↓
Absolute eosinophils		↓	↓
Relative eosinophils	↓	↓
Relative CD16+ eosinophils			↓
Absolute basophils			↓
Relative basophils
Relative CD203+ basophils
Absolute T lymphocytes			↑
Absolute NK cells		↓
Absolute CD4+ T lymphocytes
Relative CD4+ T lymphocytes
Relative CD8+ T lymphocytes
Absolute CD8+ T lymphocytes
Relative T regulatory lymphocytes		↑
Absolute T regulatory lymphocytes

Explanation: ↑- significantly higher count in pollen season, ↓significantly lower count in pollen season.

Čelakovská J, Čermáková E, Andrýs C, et al. The expression of CD200 and CD23 on B lymphocytes in the pollen season and outside the pollen season in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy. J Dermatolog Treat. 2024;35(1):2305832. Vol. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2024.2305832.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Čelakovská J, Čermáková E, Andrýs C, et al. The differences in the count of B lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis patients with and without dupilumab therapy and in healthy subjects in pollen season and out of pollen season. J Dermatolog Treat. 2024;35(1):2290360. Vol. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2290360.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.