Peer navigation: a pilot study to improve recovery capital for alcohol and other drug telephone helpline callers

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics and variables for participants at three time points.

	N (%)
Variable	Baseline	Exit	Three-month
Gender
Female	12 (35.293) 21 (61.778)	10 (38.465)	9 (40.91)
Male	1 (2.94)	15 (57.697)	13 (59.10)
Non-binary or another gender		1 (3.859)	0 (0)
Primary substance
Alcohol	13 (38.24)	12 (46.152)	10 (45.45)
Methamphet­amine	10 (29.41)	6 (23.081)	4 (18.182)
Cannabis	4 (11.768)	4 (15.394)	4 (18.182)
Cocaine	2 (5.889)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Other	5 (14.71)	4 (15.394)	4 (18.182)
Geographic area
Major cities	26 (76.475)	19 (73.081)	16 (72.73)
Regional areas	6 (17.657)	6 (23.081)	5 (22.72)
Rural areas	2 (5.889)	1 (3.859)	1 (4.556)
Education completed
Some high schooling	6 (17.64)	4 (15.394)	3 (13.64)
High school certificate	5 (14.71)	3 (11.54)	2 (9.091)
TAFE/Trade	5 (14.71)	4 (15.394)	5 (22.72)
Graduate	13 (38.24)	11 (42.31)	9 (40.91)
Postgraduate	5 (14.71)	4 (15.394)	3 (13.64)
	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	M; (SD); d
	Baseline	Exit	Three-month
BARC10	401.960; (6.70); 6.11	44.04; (7.253); 6.596	46.91; (7.091); 7.01
Self-efficacy Scale	3.54; (0.94); 3.74	3.879; (0.74); 4.10	3.88 9 (0. 78) 4.10
Confidence	6.687; (2.04)	7.58 6 (2.061)	8.41 (1.44)
AUDIT	26.10; (7.192)	–	9.70 (9.67)
DUDIT	21.64; (14.697)	–	13.55 6 (14.23)

Table 2. Correlations of key variables at baseline (N = 38).

	BARC10	Self-efficacy	Confidence	AUDIT	DUDIT
BARC10	1
Self-efficacy	0.43*	1
Confidence	0.15	0.22	1
AUDIT	0.12	0.51	0.10	1
DUDIT	0.60	0.47	0.08	#	1

Note: BARC10, Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; DUDIT, Drug Use Disorder Identification Test; # participants were asked either AUDIT or DUDIT, so there is no correlation; * P < 0.05.

Table 3. t-tests comparing baseline characteristics of participants who completed and did not complete exit data (n = 26 and n = 8) and three-month data (n = 22 and n = 12).

	Comparisons
	Exit complete v. non-complete			3-month complete v. non-complete
Variable	Md	95CI	p	Md	95CI	p
Age	12.93	−19.97; −5.90	.001	5.94	−14.36, 2.46	.157
BARC10	0.859	−12.04, 10.34	.844	2.84	10.07, 4.40	.396
SE	−0.03	−0.80, 0.87	.931	0.03	−0.69, 0.64	.940
Confidence	−0.596	−0.70, 1.88	.355	0.667	−2.11, 0.79	.359
DUDIT	−19.21	10.09, 28.34	<.001	−10.50	−3.17, 24.17	.124

Note: Bonferonni corrected p-value of p < .025 is used. Mean difference (Md) = M _complete – M _non-complete. BARC10, Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital; SE, Self-Efficacy Scale; DUDIT, Drug Use Disorder Identification Test. Due to small group sizes (n < 5), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) comparisons were not included.

Table 4. Findings from linear mixed models for primary and secondary outcomes regressed onto time.

		Non-standardised			Standardised
Primary outcome	Coeff.	(SE)	95CI	Coeff.	(SE)	95CI
BARC10	2.55***	(0.61)	1.34, 3.77	0.38****	.09	.20, .56
Secondary outcomes
Self-efficacy	0.18*	(0.07)	0.04, 0.32	0.19*	.08	.04, .34
Confidence	0.81***	(0.22)	0.39, 1.24	.40***	.10	.19, .60
AUDIT	−16.40***	(3.81)	−23.84, −8.96
DUDIT	−8.09**	(2.98)	−14.19, −1.99

Note: *p <.05; **p <.01; ***p <.001; SE; Standard Error; BARC10, Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital; SE, Self-Efficacy Scale; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test; DUDIT, Drug Use Disorder Identification Test; Confidence, Readiness ruler confidence scale.