Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at or beyond 39 weeks gestational age and associated maternal complications

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of live births in the United States (2014–2018), eligibility, and sample size.

Figure 2. The proportion of study cohort in each week of gestation and prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy according to the induction of labor status. HDP: hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Table 1. Unadjusted prevalence ratios of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy by gestational age.

Gestational age	Percent of total	Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy %	Prevalence ratio	95% CI
36 weeks	3.8	15.6	2.48	2.46–2.51
37 weeks	8.7	16.7	2.66	2.64–2.68
38 weeks	15.9	10.5	1.67	1.65–1.68
39 weeks	29.8	6.3	1.00 (reference)	–
40 weeks	26.0	4.7	0.75	0.74–0.75
41 weeks	12.4	3.8	0.61	0.61–0.62
42 weeks	3.3	5.0	0.80	0.78–0.81

CI: confidence interval.

Table 2. Maternal characteristics and prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

	Total %	Unadjusted prevalence of HDP %	Adjusted* prevalence ratio	95% CI
Age
<16 years	0.5	5.0	0.90	0.85–0.95
16–19 years	10.8	5.1	0.91	0.90–0.93
20–24 years	27.7	5.3	0.98	0.97–0.98
25–29 years	29.3	5.2	1.00 (ref.)	–
30–34 years	22.5	5.0	0.99	0.98–1.00
35–39 years	7.7	5.5	1.09	1.08–1.11
40–44 years	1.3	6.1	1.24	1.20–1.28
45+ years	0.1	7.6	1.56	1.42–1.72
Race/Ethnicity
AI/AN	0.6	7.1	1.28	1.23–1.34
Asian	7.6	2.7	0.62	0.61–0.64
Black	11.9	6.4	1.19	1.17–1.20
NH/PI	0.2	6.0	1.28	1.16–1.40
White	56.6	5.6	1.00 (reference)	–
Multiracial	2.3	5.4	0.98	0.95–1.00
Hispanic	20.8	4.5	0.90	0.89–0.91
Nativity
Born in the U.S.	79.2	5.7	1.00 (reference)	–
Born outside the U.S.	20.8	3.5	0.71	0.70–0.72
Education
<High school	10.1	5.1	1.39	1.37–1.42
High school diploma/GED	23.1	5.5	1.38	1.36–1.40
Some college	20.4	5.8	1.37	1.35–1.38
Associate’s degree	7.8	6.0	1.38	1.36–1.41
Bachelor’s degree	24.1	4.8	1.11	1.10–1.13
>Bachelor’s degree	14.5	4.4	1.00 (reference)	–
BMI
Underweight	4.2	2.5	0.75	0.73–0.77
Normal	50.1	3.4	1.00 (reference)	–
Overweight	24.6	5.7	1.64	1.63–1.66
Obesity, Class I	11.9	8.1	2.31	2.28–2.33
Obesity, Class II	5.5	10.4	2.90	2.87–2.94
Obesity, Class III	3.7	13.4	3.70	3.64–3.75
Smoking, pre-pregnancy
Yes	8.2	6	1.09	1.07–1.10
No	91.8	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–
Smoking, during pregnancy
Yes	5.3	5.7	1.02	1.00–1.04
No	94.7	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–
Diabetes, pre-pregnancy
Yes	0.4	11.4	2.16	2.07–2.24
No	99.6	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–
Diabetes, gestational
Yes	4.5	9	1.87	1.84–1.90
No	95.5	5	1.00 (reference)	–
Pregestational hypertension
Yes	1	0.6	0.10	0.09–0.11
No	99	5.3	1.00 (reference)	–

HDP: hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, AI/AN: American Indian/Alaska Native, NH/PI: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander.

*All prevalence ratios in table adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and nativity.

Table 3. Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy as outcome in patients with maternal morbidities.

	Total %	Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy %	Prevalence ratio	95% CI
Transfusion
Yes	0.3	13.1	2.52	2.41–2.63
No	99.7	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–
ICU admission
Yes	0.09	17.6	3.38	3.17–3.61
No	99.91	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–
Hysterectomy (unplanned)
Yes	0.02	9.3	1.78	1.42–2.24
No	99.98	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–
Composite
Yes	0.36	14.2	2.73	2.63–2.83
No	99.63	5.2	1.00 (reference)	–

ICU: intensive care unit.

Data availability statement

This is publicly available data that can be accessed at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/Vitalstatsonline.htm.