Antimicrobial Metabolites from Three Serbian Caloplaca.

Figures & data

Figure 1 Structures of isolated compounds.

Table 1.. Distribution of anthraquinone derivatives in three Caloplaca..

Anthraquinones	C. lactea.	C. citrina.	C. schaereri.
Erythroglaucin	+	−	−
Parietin^a.	+	+	+
Fallacinal	+	+	+
Fallacinol	+	+	+
1-O.-Methylparietin	+	−	−
8-O.-Methylparietin	+	−	−
Emodin	+	+	+
Parietinic acid	−	−	+

^a.The most abundant anthraquinone in all lichen tested.

Table 2.. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (µg/ml) for antibacterial and antifungal activity of the methylene chloride (MH) and methylene (ME) extracts of C. lactea., C. citrina., and C. schaereri..

	MIC^a. (µg/ml)
	C. lactea.		C. citrina.		C. schaereri.
	ME	MH	ME	MH	ME	MH
Bacteria
B. cereus.	160	80	320	160	320	160
B. subtilis.	160	180	>320	320	320	160
S. aureus.	320	160	>320	320	>320	320
E. coli.	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320
P. aeruginosa.	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320
Fungi
T. mentagrophytes.	160	80	320	160	320	160
E. flocossum.	>320	160	>320	320	>320	320
C. albicans.	320	160	320	160	>320	320
T. harzianum.	80	40	160	80	80	40

^a.Values with the sign “ > ” indicate that the highest concentrations tested did not inhibit the bacterial or fungal growth.

Table 3.. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (µg/ml) for antibacterial and antifungal activity of the anthraquinones from C. lactea., C. citrina., and C. schaereri..

	MIC^a. (µg/ml)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Bacteria
B. cereus.	80	80	40	40	80	40	80	40
B. subtilis.	80	80	80	40	80	40	80	40
S. aureus.	320	320	160	160	160	20	320	80
E. coli.	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	160
P. aeruginosa.	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320	>320
Fungi
T. mentagrophytes.	40	20	20	40	20	20	40	40
E. flocossum.	160	160	160	160	160	160	160	160
C. albicans.	80	80	80	80	80	80	80	80
T. harzianum.	40	20	40	40	20	10	40	20

1, erythroglaucin; 2, parietin; 3, fallacinal; 4, fallacinol; 5, 1-O.-methylparietin; 6, 8-O.-methylparietin; 7, emodin; 8, parietinic acid.

^a.Values with the sign “ > ” indicate that the highest concentrations tested did not inhibit the bacterial or fungal growth.