Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Caparis decidua. Fruit Extract in Cholesterol-fed Rabbits

Figures & data

Table

	Atherogenic (%)	Control (%)
Protein	15	20
Carbohydrate	60	65
Sugar	3	3
Fats	15	5
Salt	4	4
Vitamin	1	1
Fiber	2	2

Table 1 Effect of alcohol fruit extract of C. decidua. on body and organ weights in rabbits (mean of six values±SEM).

	Body weight (kg)
Treatment groups	Initial	Final	Liver (g/kg)	Heart (g/kg)	Aorta (g/kg)
1	1.31 ± 0.67	1.54 ± 0.62	40.62 ± 1.78	2.24 ± 0.26	0.19 ± 0.08
2	1.61 ± 0.6	1.56 ± 0.6	44.49 ± 1.76	2.31 ± 0.21	0.39 ± 0.03
3	1.16 ± 0.14	1.22 ± 0.76	39.74 ± 1.03	2.47 ± 0.17	0.21 ± 0.03
4	1.22 ± 0.23	1.30 ± 0.29	38.72 ± 2.31	2.51 ± 0.16	0.23 ± 0.05

*p < 0.05. Group 2 is compared with group 1. Groups 3 and 4 are compared with group 2.

Table 2 Effect of alcohol fruit extract of C. decidua. on serum lipid profile in rabbits (mean of six values±SEM).

Treatment groups	Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Phospholipid (mg/dl)	HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	HDL/total cholesterol ratio	LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	VLDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	Atherogenic index
1	99 ± 5.06	64.46 ± 4.31	170.60 ± 4.12	37.86 ± 2.46	0.38	48.25 ± 3.5	12.89 ± 0.3	1.614
2	928.90 ± 27.16	277.82 ± 8.12	476.28 ± 9.12	189.08 ± 5.02	0.20	684.25 ± 10.2	55.56 ± 1.4	3.912
3	366.77 ± 7.52	148.05 ± 4.72	356.62 ± 6.12	131.16 ± 4.27	0.35	198.12 ± 4.3	37.61 ± 0.7	1.796
4	250.12 ± 6.12	100.12 ± 2.62	212.34 ± 5.73	102.76 ± 3.84	0.41	127.34 ± 3.8	20.02 ± 0.8	1.434

*p < 0.05. Group 2 is compared with group 1. Groups 3 and 4 are compared with group 2.

Table 3 Effect of alcohol fruit extract of C. decidua. on tissue lipids in rabbits (mean of six values±SEM).

	Cholesterol (mg/g)			Triglyceride (mg/g)			Phospholipid (mg/g)
Treatment groups	Liver	Heart	Aorta	Liver	Heart	Aorta	Liver	Heart	Aorta
1	9.73 ± 0.15	4.26 ± 0.31	6.82 ± 1.2	4.16 ± 0.02	4.36 ± 0.19	3.05 ± 0.10	8.49 ± 0.19	9.62 ± 0.69	9.21 ± 0.71
2	22.72 ± 2.01	17.76 ± 0.56	16.4 ± 0.16	6.55 ± 0.42	7.72 ± 0.21	6.41 ± 0.21	18.30 ± 0.82	14.35 ± 0.41	10.59 ± 0.41
3	13.87 ± 1.01	4.12 ± 0.52	8.93 ± 0.73	3.51 ± 0.04	4.76 ± 0.07	2.61 ± 0.12	14.35 ± 0.72	9.81 ± 0.42	7.58 ± 0.31
4	10.22 ± 0.84	4.38 ± 0.43	7.38 ± 0.62	3.78 ± 0.32	4.58 ± 0.13	3.15 ± 0.15	11.22 ± 0.63	10.12 ± 0.38	8.12 ± 0.22

*p < 0.05. Group 2 is compared with group 1. Groups 3 and 4 are compared with group 2.

Table 4 Effect of alcohol fruit extract of C. deciduas. on planimetric dimensions of thoracic aorta in rabbits (mean of six values±SEM).

Treatment groups	Total wall area (%)	Lumen (%)	Plaque (%)
1	51.9 ± 2.12	48.10 ± 1.14	Nil
2	84.04 ± 0.7	15.97 ± 0.6	40.32 ± 1.96
3	61.32 ± 1.21	38.67 ± 1.41	Nil
4	58.19 ± 1.03	41.81 ± 1.32	Nil

*p < 0.05. Group 2 is compared with group 1. Groups 3 and 4 are compared with group 2.

Figure 1 Intact control (group 1): Microphotograph of thoracic aorta exhibiting normal histology with aorta wall consisting of tunica intima, media, and adventitia (× 100, HE).

Figure 2 Hyperlipidemic control (group 2): Microphotograph of thoracic aorta exhibiting atherosclerotic lesions with formation of plaque, thickened intima containing foam cells, and extracellular lipid (× 100, HE).

Figure 3 Atherodiet + C. decidua. fruit extract (group 3): Microphotograph of thoracic aorta showing normal histology without any atherosclerotic lesions (× 100, HE).

Figure 4 Atherodiet + pitavastatin (group 4): Microphotograph of thoracic aorta showing normal histology without any atherosclerotic lesions (× 100, HE).