In-Situ Synthesis of CuO/TiO₂ Nanocomposite Onto Amine Modified Cotton Fabric for Antibacterial Durability and UV Protection

Figures & data

Figure 1. ATR-FTIR spectra of cot and AmCot) (a) and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂) (b).

Figure 2. Raman spectra of amcot (a) and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ (b).

Figure 3. XRD pattern of AmCot-CuO+TiO₂.

Table 1. Average crystallite size of CuO and TiO₂ NPs on Am-Cot-CuO+TiO₂ Scherrer equation (Scherrer, 1918).

Crystal plane	2θ (${ }^{\circ })$	β (${ }^{\circ })$	D/nm
CuO NPs
−111	35.5	1.05	8.31
111	38.8	0.45	19.56
Average crystallite size			18.09
Crystal plane	2θ (${ }^{\circ })$	β (${ }^{\circ })$	D/nm
TiO2 NPs
101	36.06	0.29	30.10
111	41.24	0.47	18.87
211	56.5	0.20	47.12
002	63.44	0.41	24.40
301	69.1	0.24	42.08
Average crystallite size			32.51

Figure 4. XPS spectra of AmCot-CuO+TiO₂, survey (a), Ti 2p (b), Cu 2p (c), C 1s (d), O 1s (e) and S 2P (f).

Figure 5. HRSEM micrographs at low-magnification (left,×100) and high-magnification (middle × 1000) and (right × 5000) of (a–d) AmtCot, AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ (e–i) and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ after 50 washing cycles (j).

Figure 6. HRSEM micrographs at high magnification (scale bar 50 μm) of (a) AmCot, N and S mapping, (b) AmCot-CuO+TiO₂, N and S mapping, and (c) AmCot-CuO+TiO₂, Ti and Cu mapping.

Figure 7. TGA graph of AmCot, AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ (50) after 50 washing cycles.

Table 2. Colorimetric data for AmCot and AmCot-CuO+TiO_2.

Sample	L*	a*	b*	K/s
AmCot	60.26	−2.06	2.82	0.07
AmCot-CuO+TiO2	49.40	3.36	12.56	9.11

Table 3. Tensile strength and elongation of AmCot and AmCot-CuO+TiO_2.

Sample code	Tensile Strength breaking force (N)		Elongation (%)
	Warp	Weft	Warp	Weft
AmCot	586.5 ± 9	479.5 ± 8	31.5 ± 3	24.6 ± 2
AmCot-CuO+TiO2	552.5 ± 6	461.3 ± 5	28.8 ± 0.8	22.5 ± 0.6

Figure 8. Optical images of the antibacterial activity according to the AATCC 147 test method of (a) AmCot, (b) AmCot-CuO+TiO2 against E. coli, and (c) AmCot, (d) AmCot-CuO+TiO2 against S. aureus.

Figure 9. Optical pictures of AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ antibacterial washing durability upto 50 laboratory wash cycles.

Table 4. AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ inhibition zone diameter against E. coli and S. aureus.

Bacterial Species	Zone of inhibition diameter (mm)
	Laundering cycles
	Control (AmCot)	0	10	20	30	40	50
E. coli	ND	19.8 ± 0.1	19.1 ± 0.05	18.5 ± 0.17	17.41 ± 0.21	16.31 ± 0.20	14.58 ± 0.18
S. aureus	ND	18.93 ± 0.1	18.6 ± 0.05	17.85 ± 0.13	17.11 ± 0.06	16.21 ± 0.03	14.31 ± 0.01

Figure 10. UV-DRS spectra of amine modified AmCot, AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ (50) after 50 washing cycles.

Table 5. UPF values of AmCot, AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂ (50) after 50 washing cycles.

Samples	UPF values	UV protection category	UPF range^a*	UPF protection category^a*
AmCot	13.54$\pm$0.12	Low	15–24	good protection
AmCot-CuO+TiO2	51.5 $\pm 0.32$	Excellent	25–39	very good protection
AmCot-CuO+TiO2 (50)	48.24$\pm$ 0.45	Excellent	40–50 or 50+	excellent protection

a* reference data obtained from AS/NZS 43 99 : 1 996.

Figure 11. Water absorption percentage (a) and vapor transmission (b) cot, AmCot and AmCot-CuO+TiO₂.

Scherrer, P. 1918. “Göttinger nachrichten math.” Physics 2:98–100.

 Google Scholar