Figures & data
Figure 1. Dominant (Dom, panels a, c and e) and non-dominant (Non-dom, panels b, d and f) mean muscle soreness (0-100 mm scale) measured in a passive state at baseline (0 h) and during the 72 h recovery period following downhill running in quadriceps, hamstring and gastrocnemius (Gastroc) muscles. Mean soreness over the 72 h recovery period is also presented as inset figures for the dominant (Dom, panels a, c and e) and non-dominant (Non-dom, panels b, d and f) quadriceps. Data are expressed as means ± SD. CON, Control (water) trial; STD, standard dose of 42.5 g/d pistachio supplementation; HIGH, a high dose 85 g/d pistachio supplementation. *indicates significant difference between HIGH and CON (p < 0.05).
Table 1. Perceived soreness (0–100 mm scale) in muscle groups assessed before and during the recovery period, and mean soreness score over the whole 72 h recovery period, following downhill running.
Figure 2. Knee extension (panels a, c, e, & g) and knee flexion (panels b, d, f, & h) peak isokinetic torque at 60°/sec and 120°/sec in the dominant (Dom) and non-dominant (Non-dom) legs at baseline (0 h) and during the 72 h recovery period following downhill running in the control trial (CON), standard pistachio dose trial (1.5 oz/d STD) and high pistachio dose trial (3.0 oz/d, HIGH). Data are expressed as means ± SD.
Table 2. Plasma glucose, and serum insulin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), creatine kinase, myoglobin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measured before and over the 72 h recovery period following downhill running.