Figures & data
Panel (a). A schematic showing in parallel the cellular and genomic changes from meiosis to sperm maturation. Panel (b, c, d). Three boxes depicting schematics of the three spermiogenesis challenges described in the main text.
Panel (a). A schematic of 4 developing sperm, where one has been damaged. Panel (b). An inset box from the damaged sperm in Panel (a) with a schematic of a potential checkpoint mechanism that lacks transcription, nucleosomes, or a DNA template.
Panel (a). A chromosome with dotted lines leading to an inset box. The box contains a schematic of DNA with genic vs. repetitive regions, where DSBs are hypothesized to occur at repetitive regions where protamines preferentially bind. Panel (b). A chromosome with dotted lines leading to an inset box. The box contains a schematic of DNA with different repetitive repeats and their respective protamines.
Data availability statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.