Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in intensive care units at Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya

Figures & data

Figure 1. Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients, healthcare workers and ICUs medical equipment’s in TUH ICUs. NICU (neonatal ICU), MICU (medical ICU), PICU (pediatric ICU), SICU (surgical ICU) and CPCU (cardiology pediatric care unit).

Table 1. Distribution of bacterial isolates among Tripoli University Hospital ICUs.

ICUs	Patients	Healthcare workers	Medical equipment’s	Total
NICU	30	3	2	35
MICU	40	17	9	67
PICU	13	2	2	17
SICU	22	14	4	39
CPCU	26	8	5	39
Total	131	44	22	197

Table 2. Prevalence of Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates in Tripoli University Hospital ICUs.

Isolate	NICU	MICU	PICU	SICU	CPCU	N0: isolates	%
Gram negative isolates	32	39	15	15	12	113	57.4
K. pneumoniae	13	15	5	8	5	46	40
A.baumannii complex/haemolyticus	14	13	10	6	7	50	44
P. aeruginosa	0	6	0	0	0	6	5.30
C. indologenes	3	0	0	0	0	3	2.6
S fonticola	1	2	0	0	0	3	2.6
Myroides species	1	0	0	1	0	2	1.8
Others	0	3	0	0	0	3	2.6
Gram positive isolates	3	28	2	24	27	84	42.6
S. aureus	0	2	0	5	8	15	17.8
S. epidermidis	3	17	2	8	12	42	50
S. heamolyticus	0	0	0	4	5	9	10.7
S. sciuri	0	0	0	2	2	4	4.8
S. hominis subsp.hominis	0	1	0	1	0	2	2.3
S. xylosus	0	1	0	0	0	1	1.2
S.auricularis	0	1	0	0	0	1	1.2
S.simulans	0	0	0	1	0	1	1.2
Others	0	6	0	4	0	9	10.7
Total						197

Table 3. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram-negative strains in TUH ICUs.

Antibiotics	NICU n= 32 (%)	MICU n=39(%)	PICU n=15(%)	SICU n=12 (%)	CPICU n=15(%)	Total n=113 (%)
Amikacin	27 (84.4)	35 (89.7)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	104 (92.0)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate	14 (43.7)	19 (48.7)	5 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	8 (53.3)	51  (45.1)
Ampicillin/sulbactam	27 (84.4)	33 (84.6)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	102(90.3)
Ampicillin	14 (43.75)	20 (51.3)	5 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	8 (53.3)	52 (46.0)
Aztreonam	30 (93.75)	26 (66.7)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	98 (86.7)
Cefazolin	19 (59.4)	3 (7.7)	5 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	26 (23.0)
Cefepime	29 (90.6)	34 (87.2)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	95 (84.1)
Cefotaxime	27 (84.4)	31 (79.5)	5 (33.30	5 (41.7)	8 (53.3)	76 (67.3)
Cefotaxime/clavulanate	1 (3.12)	5 (12.8)	–	–	–	–
Cefoxitin	3 (9.4)	19 (48.7)	0 (0.0)	0  (0.0)	8 (53.3)	30 (26.5)
Ceftazidime	30 (93.75)	37 (94.9)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	109 (96.5)
Ceftazidime/clavulanate	–	3 (7.7)	–	–	–	–
Cefuroxime	13 (40.6)	19 (48.7)	5 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	15 (100)	57 (50.4)
Ciprofloxacin	26 (81.25)	33 (84.6)	10 (66.6)	7 (58.3)	15 (100)	91 (80.5)
Colistin	1 (3.125)	3 (7.7)	–	–	–	–
Ertapenem	30 (93.75)	31 (79.5)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	103 (91.2)
Gentamicin	29 (90.6)	37 (94.9)	15 (100)	12 (100)	15 (100)	108 (95.6)
Imipenem	27 (84.4)	33 (84.6)	14 (93.5)	12 (100)	15 (100)	101 (89.4)
Levofloxacin	26 (81.25)	33 (84.6)	10 (66.6)	12 (100)	15 (100)	96 (85.0)
Meropenem	12 (37.50)	22 (56.4)	5 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	8 (53.3)	52 (46.0)
Moxifloxacin	10 (31.25)	18 (46.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (53.3)	36 (31.9)
Nitrofurantoin	–	–	–	–	–	–
Norfloxacin	19 (59.4)	23 (59.0)	10 (66.6)	7 (58.3)	7 (46.7)	66 (58.4)
Pipracillin/Tazobactam	31 (96.9)	28 (71.8)	15 (1000	12 (100)	15 (100)	101 (89.4)
Tigecycline	4 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	10 (66.6)	7 (58.3)	7 (46.7)	28 (24.8)
Tobramycin	12 (37.5)	20 (51.3)	5 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	8 (53.3)	50 (44.3)
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	13 (40.6)	18 (46.2)	5 (33.3)	5 (41.7)	8 (53.3)	49 (43.4)
ESBL	27  (84.4)	34 (87.2)	15 (100)	12 (100)	14 (93.3)	97 (85.8)

n= number of resistance strains

Table 4. Antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram-positive strains in TUH ICUs.

Antibiotics	NICU n=3 (%)	MICU n=27 (%)	PICU n=3 (%)	PCICU n=27 (%)	SICU n=24 (%)	Total n=84 (%)
Amoxicillin/ clavulanate	3 (100)	21 (77.8)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	78 (93.0)
Ampicillin/sulbactam	3 (100)	22 (81.5)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	79 (94.1)
Ampicillin	3 (100)	27 (100)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	84 (100)
Cefoxitin	3 (100)	20 (74.1)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	77 (91.7)
Ceftriaxone	3 (100)	21 (77.8)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	78 (93.0)
Ciprofloxacin	3 (100)	20 (74.1)	3 (100)	21 (77.8)	24 (100)	71 (84.5)
Clindamycin	3 (100)	22 (81.5)	2 (66.7)	22 (81.5)	24 (100)	73 (86.9)
Daptomycin	–	–	–	–	–	–
Erythromycin	3 (100)	24 (79.5)	3 (100)	23 (82.2)	24 (100)	77 (91.7)
Gentamicin	3 (100)	15 (55.6)	3 (100)	22 (81.5)	24 (100)	67 (79.8)
Levofloxacin	2 (66.7)	18 (66.7)	3 (100)	23 (85.2)	24 (100)	70 (83.3)
Linezolid	3 (100)	16 (59.3)	2 (66.7)	22 (81.5)	24 (100)	67 (79.8)
Nitrofurantoin	–	–	–	–	–	–
Oxacillin	3 (100)	23 (46.2)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	80 (95.2)
Penicillin	3 (100)	27 (100)	3 (100)	27 (100)	24 (100)	84 (100)
Rifampin	1 (33.3)	15 (55.6)	2 (66.7)	21 (77.8)	24 (100)	63 (75.0)
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin	3 (100)	15 (55.6)	3 (100)	22 (81.5)	24 (100)	67 (69.8)
Teicoplanin	3 (100)	18 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	22 (81.5)	24 (100)	69 (82.1)
Tetracycline	1 (33.3)	16 (59.3)	3 (100)	22 (81.5)	24 (100)	66 (78.6)
Timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole	2 (66.6)	20 (74.1)	3 (100)	25 (92.6)	24 (100)	74 (88.1)
Vancomycin	3 (100)	17 (63.0)	3 (100)	20 (74.1)	24 (100)	67 (69.8)
MRS	2 (66.7)	21 (77.8)	2 (66.7)	25 (92.6)	24 (100)	74 (88.1)

n= number of resistance strains