The effect of oligo(trimethylene carbonate) addition on the stiffness of acrylic bone cement

Figures & data

Table 1. Compressive mechanical properties of the tested cements. Mean values are shown, with standard deviations. N = number of specimens tested per group.

Cement	Elastic modulus (MPa)	Yield Strength (MPa)^*	Yield strain (%)^*	N
Osteopal V	1761 ± 49	84.0 ± 5.8	6.78 ± 0.39	7
Osteopal V-16%oTMC	1063 ± 74	46.1 ± 1.9	6.36 ± 0.34	6
Osteopal V-18%oTMC	734 ± 62	25.6 ± 1.6	5.50 ± 0.22	9
Osteopal V-20%oTMC	241 ± 38	5.2 ± 0.9	4.20 ± 0.47	8
Simplex P	1616 ± 70	85.5 ± 4.9	7.30 ± 0.40	9
Simplex P-16%oTMC	1075 ± 113	43.9 ± 6.7	6.07 ± 0.28	10
Simplex P-18%oTMC	935 ± 90	34.6 ± 3.2	5.71 ± 0.20	11
Simplex P-20%oTMC	519 ± 60	15.2 ± 1.2	4.94 ± 0.27	7

* At 2% proof stress.

Figure 1. Relative cell viability of MG-63 cells after 1 (left) and 3 (right) d of contact with cement extraction media, taken at different time points after commencement of cement preparation.

Figure 2. Representative light micrographs of cells after 1 d of incubation in extraction media of unmodified and modified cements. Cells in 1 h extraction media from modified cements showed signs of apoptosis, i.e. cell shrinkage and round cell morphology. Cell morphology in 12 h and 24 h extracts was comparable to extracts of the unmodified cements as well as the control group (the latter is not shown).

Table 2. Handling properties of Osteopal V and Osteopal V-16%oTMC. Error values indicate standard deviations.

Cement	Doughing time (min)	Setting time (min)	Peak temperature (°C)
Osteopal V	4.7 ± 0.1	14.7 ± 1.7	41.5 ± 3.4
Osteopal V – 16%oTMC	2.6 ± 0.2	18.0 ± 0.9	30.7 ± 1.4