Racial and ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among United States adults, aged 27–45 years

Figures & data

Figure 1. Bar graph showing HPV vaccine status among US adults 27–45 year old, with ≥ 1 dose ever received, by race and ethnicity (p < .05).

Table 1. Characteristics of study sample.

	Non-Hispanic White (n = 5729)	Non-Hispanic Black (n = 1113)	Hispanic (n = 1660)	Non-Hispanic Other (n = 938)	Total (n = 9440)	p-value
HPV Vaccine Initiation, n (%)						.0002
Yes	868 (15.9%)	200 (19.4%)	200 (11.9%)	132 (15.4%)	1400 (15.5%)
No	4451 (84.1%)	833 (80.6%)	1325 (88.1%)	713 (84.6%)	7322 (84.5%)
Gender, n (%)						<.0001
Male	2810 (51.5%)	423 (42.7%)	756 (48.7%)	418 (45.1%)	4407 (49.1%)
Female	2919 (48.5%)	690 (57.3%)	904 (51.3%)	520 (54.9%)	5033 (50.9%)
Marital Status, n (%)						<.0001
Married/partnered	3699 (73.3%)	413 (46.1%)	1000 (68.5%)	616 (73.9%)	5728 (68.9%)
Not Married	1915 (26.7%)	668 (53.9%)	612 (31.5%)	300 (26.1%)	3495 (31.1%)
Education, n (%)						<.0001
College Graduate or More	2736 (41.1%)	343 (25.2%)	418 (19.1%)	578 (54.5%)	4075 (35.9%)
Some College	1653 (31.5%)	381 (35.4%)	407 (24.0%)	176 (21.6%)	2617 (29.5%)
High School Graduate	1113 (22.4%)	314 (31.0%)	460 (27.5%)	133 (16.8%)	2020 (24.0%)
Less than High School	207 (5.0%)	71 (8.4%)	360 (29.4%)	40 (7.1%)	678 (10.6%)
Income (in $), n (%)						<.0001
Less than 50,000	1517 (24.3%)	633 (54.2%)	827 (48.8%)	269 (27.7%)	3246 (33.5%)
50,000 to < 75,000	1093 (19.2%)	214 (19.6%)	345 (20.8%)	157 (18.5%)	1809 (19.5%)
75,000 to < 100,000	959 (17.2%)	128 (12.1%)	181 (11.4%)	136 (15.3%)	1404 (15.2%)
≥100,000	2160 (39.3%)	138 (14.1%)	307 (19.1%)	376 (38.4%)	2981 (31.9%)
Insurance, n (%)						<.0001
Yes	5110 (87.8%)	945 (82.5%)	1167 (66.3%)	848 (90.0%)	8070 (83.0%)
No	616 (12.2%)	168 (17.5%)	493 (33.7%)	90 (10.1%)	1370 (17.0%)
Place of Care, n (%)						<.0001
Yes	4903 (85.6%)	967 (85.6%)	1320 (78.5%)	798 (85.2%)	7988 (84.1%)
No	803 (14.4%)	140 (14.4%)	326 (21.5%)	133 (14.8%)	1402 (15.9%)
General Health, n (%)						<.0001
Excellent	1666 (28.1%)	276 (24.6%)	506 (29.8%)	315 (32.4%)	2763 (28.4%)
Very Good	2323 (40.2%)	373 (32.3%)	501 (28.8%)	324 (32.7%)	3521 (36.1%)
Good	1301 (23.5%)	315 (28.9%)	493 (30.0%)	234 (26.5%)	2343 (25.8%)
Poor/Fair	439 (8.2%)	149 (14.2%)	160 (11.4%)	65 (8.3%)	813 (9.7%)
Geographic Region, n (%)						<.0001
Northeast	966 (18.0%)	148 (15.5%)	197 (11.7%)	166 (20.3%)	1477 (16.6%)
Midwest	1564 (26.6%)	180 (16.7%)	154 (9.1%)	127 (13.5%)	2025 (20.5%)
West	1306 (21.3%)	98 (7.4%)	686 (40.4%)	392 (38.8%)	2482 (25.2%)
South	1893 (34.1%)	687 (60.4%)	623 (38.8%)	253 (27.4%)	3456 (37.7%)

Table 2. Factors associated with uptake of HPV vaccine among 27–45 year olds based on race and ethnicity, and other sociodemographic factors.

	cOR	cOR 95% CI	aOR	aOR 95% CI
Race and Ethnicity (reference = Non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic Black	1.27	1.03, 1.56	1.36	1.09, 1.70
Hispanic	0.71	0.58, 0.87	0.73	0.58, 0.92
Non-Hispanic Other	0.96	0.74, 1.24	0.84	0.63, 1.12
Place of Care (reference = Yes)
No	0.67	0.54, 0.82	0.72	0.57, 0.92
Gender (reference = Male)
Female	3.47	2.97, 4.06	3.58	3.03, 4.23
Age	0.87	0.85, 0.88	0.86	0.84, 0.87
Education (reference = College Graduate or More)
Some College	0.80	0.68, 0.93	0.82	0.70, 0.98
High School Graduate	0.56	0.46, 0.67	0.62	0.50, 0.78
Less than High School	0.49	0.36, 0.67	0.74	0.52, 1.06
Marital Status (reference = Married/Partnered)
Not Married	1.26	1.10, 1.45	1.10	0.94, 1.30
Income (in $; reference = Less than 50,000)
50,000 to < 75,000	1.05	0.87, 1.28	1.10	0.88, 1.37
75,000 to < 100,000	1.19	0.97, 1.45	1.23	0.98, 1.54
≥100,000	1.01	0.85, 1.20	1.14	0.92, 1.41
Insurance (reference = Yes)
No	0.67	0.54, 0.84	0.94	0.72, 1.22
General Health (reference = Excellent)
Very Good	0.95	0.81, 1.12	1.02	0.86, 1.21
Good	0.76	0.64, 0.92	0.93	0.76, 1.13
Poor/Fair	0.70	0.53, 0.94	1.02	0.74, 1.40
Geographic Region (reference = South)
Northeast	1.16	0.91, 1.46	1.10	0.87, 1.41
Midwest	1.09	0.92, 1.29	1.08	0.90, 1.31
West	1.31	1.10, 1.56	1.49	1.24, 1.80

Bold font indicates statistically significant results (p < .05).