Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis – A Case Report and Literature Review

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristic Features of Optic Neuritis Associated with MOG-IgG, AQP4-IgG and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

	MOG-IgG ON	AQP4-IgG ON	MS ON
Eye pain	Very frequent	Less frequent	Frequent
Bilateral	Frequent (72.7%)	Less frequent (24%)	Exceptionally
Severe visual loss at onset	Very frequent	Very frequent	Frequent
Optic disc edema	Frequent (86%), sometimes severe with haemorrhages	Rare	30%
Recurrence risk	Very frequent (50%)	Very frequent	Frequent
Severe visual loss risk	Infrequent	Very frequent	Infrequent
PVEP	↑ P100 peak time + normal or mildly ↓ amplitude	↑ P100 peak time + mildly ↓ amplitude, ↓ amplitude with normal latency, absent response	↑ P100 peak time + normal or mildly ↓ amplitude
Visual field	Central scotomas to complete visual loss	Total loss, central, quadrant, altitudinal	Diffuse field loss, central scotoma
OCT	Acute peripapillary RNFL and GCC thickening, followed by thinning, worsens with recurrence	Severe peripapillary RNFL thinning	Acute peripapillary RNFL and GCC thickening, followed by thinning
Optic nerve MRI	Enhancement of >50%, orbital portion involved (lesions extend from anterior portion to whole length), frequent perineural enhancement	Lesions often extend from posterior portion to whole length, frequent chiasm involvement	Short lesions, usually parenchymal optic nerve enhancement
Steroid treatment	i.v. steroids followed by p.o. prednisolone	Frequently resistant to steroid therapy	Fasten recovery but no influence on final visual acuity

Abbreviations: PVEP, pattern visual evoked potentials; OCT, optic coherence tomography; RNFL, retinal nerve fibre layer; GCC, ganglion cell complex; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; i.v, intravenous; p.o, per os.

Figure 1 Continued.

Figure 1 Evaluation of ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) of a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated optic neuritis during 1-year follow-up.

Abbreviations: GCL, ganglion cell layer; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer.

Figure 2 Evaluation of visual evoked potentials (PVEP) of a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated optic neuritis in the left eye during 1-year follow-up.

Figure 3 Evaluation of the optic nerve disc appearance of a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated optic neuritis during 1-year follow-up.

Figure 4 Evaluation of visual field of a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated optic neuritis in the left eye during 1-year follow-up.