Immuno-Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Patients with Tuberculosis in Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of Age, Sex, Educational Status, Marital Status, Tuberculosis Type, and HIV Status of Newly Diagnosed TB Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie, Ethiopia (n=164)

Variable	Category	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Age in years	15–24	19	11.6
	25–34	57	34.8
	35–44	51	31.1
	45–54	24	14.6
	≥55	13	7.9
Sex	Male	93	56.7
	Female	71	43.3
Educational Status	No education	70	42.7
	Primary	33	20.1
	Secondary	46	28.0
	Tertiary	15	9.1
Marital status	Single	33	20.1
	Married	117	71.3
	Divorced	14	8.5
Tuberculosis type	Pulmonary	139	84.8
	Extra	25	15.2

Table 2 Comparison of Average Values of Hematological Parameters in Healthy Controls and Newly Diagnosed TB Patients

Hematological Parameters	Male			Female
	TB Patient Mean ± SD	HC Mean ±SD	P-value	TB Patient Mean ±SD	HC Mean ±SD	P-value
WBC × 10^3 cells/µL	7.79 ±3.71	6.05±1.99	0.001	8.21 ± 5.41	6.80 ± 2.60	0.139
Neu × 10^3 cells/µL	4.08 ± 2.74	3.08 ±1.74	0.011	4.12 ± 2.84	3.89 ± 2.46	673
Lym × 10^3 cells/µL	2.83 ±1.90	2.31 ±0.65	0.021	3.19 ± 4.16	2.33 ± 0.77	0.092
Mon × 10^3 cells/µL	0.66 ±1.00	0.51 ±.28	0.333	0.69 ± 0.66	0.47 ± 0.20	0.012
Eos × 10^3 cells/µL	0.17 ±.54	0.12 ±.14	0.522	0.13 ± 0.14	0.08 ± 0.08	0.053
Baso × 10^3 cells/µL	0.04 ±.05	0.03 ±.02	0.048	0.07 ± 0.14	0.03 ±.02	0.020
RBC× 10^6cells/µL	4.75 ±.68	5.51 ±.62	0.000	4.56 ±.75	4.83 ± 0.457	0.022
Hgb g/dl	14.19 ± 2.59	15.55 ±1.47	0.000	13.36 ±1.79	14.09 ± 1.23	0.015
HCT %	40.99 ± 6.42	47.84 ±4.95	0.000	38.65 ± 5.23	42.19 ± 4.45	0.001
MCV fl	86.24 ± 11.47	85.34 ±10.20	0.661	84.33 ± 9.38	87.64 ± 4.70	0.016
MCH Pg	30.28 ±4.81	28.25 ±1.71	0.000	29.62 ± 4.18	30.35 ± 3.84	0.590
MCHC g/dl	35.43 ± 3.85	32.48 ±1.09	0.000	34.93 ± 2.23	32.70 ± 0.69	0.000
PLT × 10^3 cells/µL	320.66 ±156.58	236.21 ±59.73	0.001	311.47± 124.22	266.78 ± 63.31	0.015
RDW SD	43.57 ± 3.50	44.48 ±3.15	0.133	43.06 ± 4.10	43.13±2.99	0.925
RDW CV	12.99 ±.81	13.03 ±1.63	0.831	13.19 ± 0.99	12.69 ± 0.43	0.000
PDW	15.73 ± 2.61	16.45 ± 2.15	0.121	15.91 ± 2.76	16.04 ± 2.02	0.808
MPV	9.43 ±1.27	10.20 ±1.08	0.001	9.38 ± 1.31	10.03 ± 0.98	0.010
NLR	2.08 ± 2.99	1.45 ± 0.98	0.181	2.04 ± 2.21	2.06 ±2.98	0.966
PLR	178.41 ± 408.45	109.42 ± 41.83	0.272	133.69 ± 73.81	125.34 ± 49.24	0.537
MLR	0.248 ± 0.25	0.23 ± 0.13	0.675	0.28 ±0.22	0.23 ± 0.14	0.234
SII	702.85 ± 1382.55	345.49 ± 251.40	0.018	571.22 ± 660.52	527.05 ± 707.23	0.748

Abbreviations: HC, Health control; Neu, Neutrophil; Lym, Lymphocyte; Mon, Monocyte; Eos, Eosinophils; Baso, Basophile; NLR, Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; PLR, Platelet lymphocyte ratio; MLR, Monocyte lymphocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation.

Table 3 Hematological Abnormalities of TB Patients

Hematological Parameters	Category	Frequency (%)
Hemoglobin	Anemic	39 (23.8)
	Non-anemic	125 (76.2)
Anemia severity (n=39)	Mild	31 (79.50)
	Moderate	7 (17.94)
	Severe	1 (2.56)
Mean red blood cell volume	Macrocytic	12 (7.3)
	Normocytic	117 (71.3)
	Microcytic	35 (21.3)
Platelet count	Thrombocytosis	19 (11.6)
	Normal thrombocyte	129 (78.7)
	Thrombocytopenia	16 (9.8)
Mean platelet volume	Macrothrombocytes	4 (2.4)
	Normal	158 (96.3)
	Microthrombocytes	2 (1.2)
White blood cell Count	Leukocytosis	32 (19.5)
	Normal	116 (70.7)
	Leukopenia	16 (9.8)
Neutrophil count	Neutrophilia	20 (12.2)
	Normal	119 (72.6)
	Neutropenia	25 (15.2)
Lymphocyte count	Lymphocytosis	38 (23.2)
	Normal	121 (73.8)
	Lymphocytopenia	5 (3.0)
Monocyte	Monocytosis	13 (7.9)
	Normal	128 (78.0)
	Monocytopenia	23 (14.0)

Table 4 Comparison of Mean Values of Biochemical Parameters in the Newly Diagnosed TB Patients versus Healthy Control

	TB Patient Mean ± SD	HC Mean ±SD	P-value
Alanine amino transferase (IU/L)	30.70 ± 29.17	24.91 ± 10.77	0.026
Aspartate amino transferase (IU/L)	39.48 ± 46.4	36.93 ±17.98	0.636
Total protein	6.37 ± 1.26	7.36 ±.61	0.000
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.839 ± 1.10	0.538 ±.39	0.010
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)	166.23 ±118.49	215.34 ± 101.35	0.002
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	12.04 ±7.27	11.57 ± 3.62	0.525
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.85 ± 0.60	0.86 ±.17	0.845
UREA	25.71 ± 14.62	24.36 ±7.64	0.356
Glucose (mg/dL)	119.14 ±59.91	101.35 ± 52.35	0.039
Triglycerides	133.93 ± 66.01	127.38 ±82.91	0.665
Total cholesterol	159.56 ±45.43	192.95 ± 61.996	0.002

Abbreviation: HC, Health control.

Data Sharing Statement

All relevant data are included in the document.