Hematological Abnormalities and Associated Factors Among Patients with Hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic, Behavioral and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, from January to June 2023 (n=300)

Variable	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age/years	17–30	36	12
	31–45	116	38.67
	> 45	148	49.33
Sex	Male	33	11
	Female	267	89
Marital status	Married	150	50
	Unmarried	59	19.67
	Divorced	64	21.33
	Widowed	27	8
Educational status	Unable to read and write	157	52.33
	Primary school	74	24.67
	Secondary school	60	20
	Certificate and above	9	3
Residence	Rural	190	63.33
	Urban	110	36.67
Occupational status	Housewife	166	55.33
	Civil servants	33	11
	Farmer	46	15.33
	Private worker	55	18.34
Clinical characteristics
Iodine salt consumption	Yes	41	13.67
	No	259	86.33
History of alcohol consumption	Yes	44	14.67
	No	256	85.33
Current use of alcohol (44)	Yes	35	79.5
	No	9	20.5
Vegetable consumption	Yes	126	42
	No	174	58
Meat consumption	Yes	103	34.33
	No	197	65.37
History of tobacco use	Yes	11	3.67
	No	289	93.33
Current use of tobacco (11)	Yes	9	90
	No	2	10
Clinical characteristics
Febrile illness	Yes	24	29.6
	No	57	70.4
Intestinal parasite	Yes	11	3.67
	No	289	96.33
Malaria parasite	Yes	4	1.33
	No	296	98.67

Table 2 Hematological Profile of Patients with Hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, from January to June 2023 (n=300)

Parameters	Median (IQR)	Range
Hb (g/dL)	14 (12, 16)	4.3–18.0
RBC (*10^6/µL)	4.63 (2.8, 6.8)	2.1–6.1
MCH (pg)	30.7 (28, 33.4)	20–38
MCHC (g/dL)	35 (33.8, 37.6)	29–40
Hct (%)	40 (37, 43.1)	16–59
MCV (fL)	87 (84.3, 89.2)	62–130
RDW (%)	14(13.4,14.6)	12–19.1
WBC (*10^3/µL)	5.3 (4.3, 6.1)	1.9–12.2
Neutrophil (*10^3/µL)	8.5(8.2,8.7)	0.8 −7.1
Lymphocyte (*10^3/µL)	2 (1.6, 2.4)	0.3–3.9
Monocyte (*10^3/µL)	0.6(0.5,0.7)	0.1–1.3
Eosinophil (*10^3/µL)	0.2(0.1,0.4)	0.1–0.9
Basophil (*10^3/µL)	0.1(0,0.1)	0–0.2
Platelet (*10^3/µL)	228 (224, 233)	20–601
MPV(fL)	8.5 (8.2, 8.7)	6.6–12.5

Abbreviations: fL, femtoliter; g/dL, gram per deciliter; Hb, hemoglobin; Hct, hematocrit; IQR, interquartile range; MCH, mean corpuscular; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; µL, microliter; pg, pictogram; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; WBC, white blood cell.

Table 3 Magnitude of Hematological Change in Patients with Hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2023 (N =300)

Hematological Parameters	Categories	Frequency (Percentage)
RBC (*10^6 /µL)	Low	20(20.5)
	Normal	237(79)
	High	3(1)
Hb (g/dL)	Low	81(26.3)
	Normal	221(73.7)
	High	2(0.7)
MCV(fl)	Low	25(30.8)
	Normal	52(64.2)
	High	4(5)
RDW (%)	Low	60(20%)
	Normal	237(79)
	High	3(1)
WBC (*10^3 / L)	Low	47(15.7)
	Normal	249(83)
	High	4(1.3)
Neu count (*10^3 /µL)	Low	17(5.8)
	Normal	281(93.6)
	High	2(0.7)
Lym count (*10^3 /µL)	Low	28(9.3)
	Normal	270(90)
	High	2(0.7)
Mix count (*10^3 / µL)	Low	4(1.3)
	Normal	187(85.4)
	High	0(0)
PLT (*10^3 /µL)	Low	28(9.3)
	Normal	269(89.7)
	High	3(1)
MPV (fL)	Low	14(4.7)
	Normal	281(93.7)
	High	5(1.6)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; fL, femtoliter; hematocrit; Hb, hemoglobin; g/dL, gram per deciliter; Lym, lymphocyte; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MPV, mean platelet volume; µL, microliter; Neu, neutrophil; pg, pictogram; PLT, platelet; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; and WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 1 Magnitude of hematological abnormalities among patients with hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, from January to June 2023 (n=300).

Table 4 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Analyses of Variables Associated with Anemia Among Patients with Hypothyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from January to June 2023

Variables	Category	Anemia Status		COR(95%, CI)	P value	AOR (95% CI)	P value
		Yes	No
Age(years)	17–30	9	27	1^a	0.17	1^a	0.21
	31–45	24	92	0.8 (0.3–2)	0.08	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	0.09
	> 45	48	100	1.3 (0.6–3)		1.4 (1.2–1.6)
Sex	Female	73	194	1.18 (1.1–1.8)	0.07	2.1(1.7–3.1)	0.04
	Male	8	25	1^a		1^a
Marital status	Unmarried	17	42	1.4 (0.7–2.7)	0.12	1.1 (0.6–2.5)	0.33
	Divorced	22	42	1.2 (0.9–2.4)	0.23	1.0 (0.8–2.1)	0.34
	Widowed	6	21	1 (0.4–2.6)	0.21	0.9(0.3–1.8)	0.44
	Married	36	114	1^a		1^a
Residence	Rural	53	137	1.13(1.1–1.8)	0.12	1.13(1.1–1.8)	0.14
	Urban	28	82	1^a		1^a
Alcohol use	Yes	25	19	4.6(2.5–9.1)	0.02	3.8 (1.7–8.9)	0.001
	No	56	200	1^a		1^a
Vegetable use	Yes	25	110	1^a	0.36	1^a	0.024
	No	56	109	2.3(1.9–2.9)		2.1 (1.5 −4.3)
Febrile illness	Yes	32	25	5.0 (2.8–9.6)	0.04	2.7 (1.2–4.4)	0.009
	No	49	194	1^a		1^a

Note: 1^aReference group.