Comparison of the Effect of Pericapsular Nerve Group Block Combined with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block and Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block in Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy Under General Anesthesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Figures & data

Figure 1 Sonoanatomy of PENG block. The ultrasonic anatomy of a PENG block (a); Ultrasound anatomy of PENG block after local anesthetic injection (b). Arrow, needle pathway; Area outlined by an ellipse, local anesthetic dissemination.

Abbreviations: FV, femoral vein; FA, femoral artery; PT, psoas tendon; IPE, iliopubic eminence; IPM, iliopsoas muscle; AIIS, anterior inferior iliac spine.

Figure 2 Sonoanatomy of LFCN block. The needle tip was inserted into the fascia tunnel produced by the sartorius and tensor fascia lata. Arrow, needle pathway.

Abbreviations: SM, sartorius muscle; TFIM, tensor fascia lata; IPM, iliopsoas muscle.

Figure 3 Sonoanatomy of FICB. Arrow, needle pathway.

Abbreviations: DCIA, deep circumflex iliac artery; IB, iliac bone; IM, iliac muscle; IOM, internal oblique muscle; SM, sartorius muscle.

Table 1 Patients’ Demographic Characteristics

	Group F (n=39)	Group P (n=39)	P-value
Age, years	39.3 (17.7)	44.1 (13.7)	0.129
Sex, n (%)			0.645
Male	24 (61.5)	22 (56.4)
Female	15 (38.5)	17 (43.6)
ASA physical status, n (%)			0.821
I	19 (48.7)	20 (51.3)
II	20 (51.3)	19 (48.7)
BMI, kg/m^2	23.5 (3.9)	24.6 (3.7)	0.223
Operation duration, h	2.0 (2.0–2.5)	2.0 (1.5–2.5)	0.815
Duration of anesthesia, h	3.5 (3.0–4.0)	3.5 (3.0–4.0)	0.779
Preoperative muscle strength (MMT)	5.0 (5.0–5.0)	5.0 (5.0–5.0)	1.000
Preoperative pain score (VAS)	2.0 (2.0–2.0)	2.0 (2.0–2.0)	0.611
Preoperative sleep quality (RCSQ)	480.0 (450.0–500.0)	480.0 (460.0–500.0)	0.624

Note: Data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), number (percentage), or median and interquartile range (IQR).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists. MMT, the manual muscle test; VAS, visual analog scale; RCSQ, Richards Campbell Sleepiness Scale.

Figure 4 The CONSORT flow diagram.

Table 2 Perioperative Medications and Recovery Indicator

	Group F (n=39)	Group P (n=39)	P-value
The incidence of quadriceps femoris muscle weakness, n (%)	30.0 (76.9)	11.0 (28.2)	< 0.001
Incidence of standing instability, n (%)	17.0 (43.6)	4.0 (10.3)	< 0.001
First time out of bed, h	24.0 (19.0–27.0)	18.00 (15.0–22.0)	< 0.001
Duration of initial walk out of bed, min	5.0 (3.0–6.0)	5.00 (5.0–7.0)	0.008
Duration of sensory blockade, h	12.0 (9.0–13.0)	12.00 (9.0–14.0)	0.604
The number of analgesic pump compression	1.0 (0.0–2.0)	0.0 (0.0–1.0)	< 0.001
Postoperative ketorolac tromethamine consumption (mg)	30.0 (0.0–30.0)	0.0 (0.0–30.0)	0.035
QoR-15 scores	112.0 (109.0–123.0)	123.0 (112.0–134.0)	0.008

Notes: The median (IQR) or a number (percentage) are used to present data. The median (95% CI) difference in QoR-15 scores between group P and group F was 8 (1–12).

Figure 5 Comparison of the muscular strength grading (MMT) (a), the VAS pain score (b) at static and (c) at dynamic, and (d) the quality of sleep (RCSQ) between the two groups. *P <0.05. The violin plots show medians and interquartile ranges. For group P in comparison with group F, the median (95% CI) difference in Pain static at 24 h after block (VAS) was 1 (1–2). For group P in comparison with group F, the median (95% CI) difference in Pain dynamic at 24 h after block (VAS) was 0 (0–0).

Table 3 Postoperative Adverse Events in Two Group

	Group F (n=39)	Group P (n=39)	P-value
The incidence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis, n (%)	2 (5.1)	0 (0.0)	0.064
PONV, n (%)	2 (5.1)	2 (5.1)	1.000
Pruritus, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	-
Nerve damage, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	-
Infection, n (%)	0 (0)	0 (0)	-

Note: Data is number (percentage).

Abbreviation: PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.