Molecular Detection and Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Chickens in Mid-Rift Valley and Central Part of Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Map showing study areas in the mid-rift valley and central parts of Ethiopia (by ArcGIS 10.4.1).

Table 1 Detection Rate of NDV Strain in Village and Commercial Chickens by Geographical Location and Sample Types in the Study Area

Categories	No. examined	No. positive	Detection rate (%)	P-value
Geographical location (districts)
Mid-Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Arba Minch	30	6	20	<0.05
Shashemene	12	0	0
Hawassa	12	0	0
Batu	12	0	0
Bishoftu	22	3	13.6
Adama	5	1	20
Total	93	10	10.75
Central part of Ethiopia
Bishoftu	22	3	13.6
Addis Ababa	5	3	60
Total	27	6	22.2
Overall	98	13	13.26
Sample type
Swab sample
Trachea swab	39	4	10.25	<0.05
Cloacal swab	39	2	5.12
Total	78	6	7.69
Tissue sample
Brain	5	2	40	>0.05
Lung & tracheal	5	2	40
Pool tissue	5	2	40
Intestinal	5	1	20
Total	20	7	35
Overall	98	13	13.26

Table 2 Detection Rate of NDV Strain in Chickens Based on the Production Systems (Village and Commercial) in the Study Area

Study Area	No. of Chicken Examined		No. Positive		Detection Rate (%)		p-value
	Village	Commercial	Village	Commercial	Village	Commercial
Mid-Rift Valley of Ethiopia							<0.05
Swab Sample
Arba Minch	12	18	5	1	41.6	5.5
Shashemene	7	5	0	0	0	0
Hawassa	9	3	0	0	0	0
Batu	8	4	0	0	0	0
Bishoftu	6	6	0	0	0	0
Sub total	42	36	5	1	11.9	2.7
Central part of Ethiopia
Tissue Sample
Bishoftu	5	5	2	1	40	20
Addis Ababa	–	5	–	3	–	60
Adama	3	2	1	0	33.3	0
Sub total	8	12	3	4	37.5	33.3
Grand Total	50	48	8	5	16	10.41

Table 3 Detection Rate of NDV Strain in Chickens by Sex and Age

Categories	No. Examined	No. positive	Detection rate (%)	P-value
Sex
Female	51	7	13.72	>0.05
Male	47	6	12.76
Total	98	13	13.26
Age
Old (>6 months)	56	5	8.92	<0.05
Young (3–6 months)	42	8	19.04
Total	98	13	13.26

Figure 2 Phylogenetic relationships between the Ethiopian NDV strain genotype (with accession number: ON033821, ON033822, ON033823, ON033824, and ON033825) and reference sequences with accession number: GU182327.1, AY175710.1, AY935490.1, GQ338309.1, JX129807.1, and KC851848.1,²⁴ the out group accession number: HM357606.2,¹⁸ based on the partial F gene region nucleotide sequence by MEGA 10.2.4.

Fentie T, Heidari A, Aiello R, et al. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from rural chicken in northwest Ethiopia reveals the circulation of three distinct genotypes in the country. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2014;46(2):299–304. doi:10.1007/s11250-013-0487-z

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Miressa Y, Cherinet Y, Bsrat A, Tadesse F. Investigation of Newcastle disease virus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in selected Districts of Eastern Shewa, Ethiopia. J Vet Sci Technol. 2016;7(384):2. doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000384

 Google Scholar