SILURIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM THE PENTLAND HILLS, SCOTLAND

ABSTRACT

The abundant and diverse brachiopod fauna from the Silurian (upper Llandovery-lower Wenlock) rocks of the Pentland Hills is described within its geographical and stratigraphical context. The majority of species are described in detail, discussed and illustrated. A total of 53 species attributable to the following superfamilies are present (numbers of species, including those in open nomenclature, in parentheses): Linguloidea (7), Craniopsoidea (1), Discinoidea (4), Strophomenoidea (9), Plectambonitoidea (2), Chonetoidea (1), Chilidiopsoidea (2), Skenidioidea (1), Dalmanelloidea (3), Pentameroidea (2), Rhynchonelloidea (4), Atrypoidea (4), Athyridoidea (5), Cyrtioidea (5) and Delthyridoidea (3). Five new species, Leptaena eska, Isorthis (Ovalella) clarksoni, Dicoelosia paratenua, Oglupes scotia and Lissatrypa scotica, are erected. Nevertheless, in terms of abundance the fauna is dominated by individuals belonging to the Strophomenoidea, Plectambonitoidea and Dalmanelloidea. The composition of the fauna, its deeper-water setting associated with finer-grained siliciclastic substrates characterize this Pentlandian biota.

RÉSUMÉ

La faune de brachiopodes abondante et diversifiée des roches siluriennes (Llandovery supérieur – Wenlock inférieur) des Pentland Hills est décrite dans son contexte géographique et stratigraphique. La majorité des espèces sont décrites en détail, discutées et illustrées. Au total, 53 espèces attribuables aux superfamilles suivantes sont présentes (nombre d’espèces, y compris celles en nomenclature ouverte, entre parenthèses): Linguloidea (7), Craniopsoidea (1), Discinoidea (4), Strophomenoidea (9), Plectambonitoidea (2), Chonetoidea (1), Chilidiopsoidea (2), Skenidioidea (1), Dalmanelloidea (3), Pentameroidea (2), Rhynchonelloidea (4), Atrypoidea (4), Athyridoidea (5), Cyrtioidea (5) et Delthyridoidea (3). Cinq nouvelles espèces, Leptaena eska, Isorthis (Ovalella) clarksoni, Dicoelosia paratenua, Oglupes scotia et Lissatrypa scotica, sont érigées. Néanmoins, en termes d’abondance, la faune est dominée par des individus appartenant aux Strophomenoidea, Plectambonitoidea et Dalmanelloidea. La composition de la faune, son environnement en eaux plus profondes associé à des substrats siliciclastiques à grains plus fins caractérisent ce Pentlandian biota. [Translation by Thomas Servais.]

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die reichhaltige und vielfältige Brachiopodenfauna aus den silurischen (oberes Llandovery-unteres Wenlock) Gesteinen der Pentland Hills wird in ihrem geografischen und stratigraphischen Kontext beschrieben. Die meisten Arten werden ausführlich beschrieben, besprochen und illustriert. Insgesamt sind 53 Arten vorhanden, die den folgenden Überfamilien zuzuordnen sind (Anzahl der Arten, einschließlich der Arten in der offenen Nomenklatur, in Klammern): Linguloidea (7), Craniopsoidea (1), Discinoidea (4), Strophomenoidea (9), Plectambonitoidea (2), Chonetoidea (1), Chilidiopsoidea (2), Skenidioidea (1), Dalmanelloidea (3), Pentameroidea (2), Rhynchonelloidea (4), Atrypoidea (4), Athyridoidea (5), Cyrtioidea (5) und Delthyridoidea (3). Fünf neue Arten, Leptaena eska, Isorthis (Ovalella) clarksoni, Dicoelosia paratenua, Oglupes scotia und Lissatrypa scotica, werden aufgestellt. Dennoch wird die Fauna hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit von Individuen dominiert, die zu den Strophomenoidea, Plectambonitoidea und Dalmanelloidea gehören. Die Zusammensetzung der Fauna, ihre Tiefwasserlage in Verbindung mit feinkörnigeren siliziklastischen Substraten charakterisieren diese Pentlandian Biota. [Translation by Thomas Servais.]

РЕЗЮМЕR

Обильная и разнообразная фауна брахиопод из отложений силура (верхний лландовери-нижний венлок) в Пентлэнд Хиллс описана в её геогорафическом и стратиграфическом контексте. Большинство видов описано детально, обсуждено и изображено. В сумме присутствуют 53 вида относящихся к следующим надсемействам (количество видов указано в скобках): Linguloidea (7), Craniopsoidea (1), Discinoidea (4), Strophomenoidea (9), Plectambonitoidea (2), Chonetoidea (1), Chilidiopsoidea (2), Skenidioidea (1), Dalmanelloidea (3), Pentameroidea (2), Rhynchonelloidea (4), Atrypoidea (4), Athyridoidea (5), Cyrtioidea (5) and Delthyridoidea (3). Установлено пять новых видов: Leptaena eska, Isorthis (Ovalella) clarksoni, Dicoelosia paratenua, Oglupes scotia и Lissatrypa scotica. Тем не менее, по обилию в фауне преобладают представители Strophomenoidea, Plectambonitoidea и Dalmanelloidea. Состав фауны, её принадлежность к глубоководным условиям ассоциируются с тонкозернистым субстратом характеризуют эту пентлэндскую биоту. [Translation by Andrej Ernst.]

SYSTEMATIC INDEX

The index is restricted to superfamilies, families, genera and species in the main body of the text, the text-figures and the plates. Numbers in bold type indicate a page on which a description or diagnosis is given or commences; numbers in italics indicate a page where a text figure occurs.

• acutolineatus, Eospirifer (Acutolineatus), 55

• aequalis, Leptaena, 18

• aff. upsilon, Whitfieldella, 50, Pl. 12, Figs 2, 3, 5

• alatiformis, Cyrtia, 53

• alticavata, Dicoelosia, 36

• Anomia biloba, 34

• Anomites exporrectus, 52

• applanata, Coolinia, 4, 26, Pl. 6, Figs 4–9

• applanata, Orthis, 25

• armstrongi, Orbiculoidea, 10

• atheroidea, Lissatrypa, 47, 48

• Athyridoidea, 48

• Atrypa hemisphaerica, 40

• Atrypa nitida, 50

• Atrypa reticularis, 46

• Atrypidae, 44

• Atrypoidea, 43

• attenuata, Craniops, 12

• bailliehamiltonensis, Dicoelosia, 36

• Bellimurina sp., 12; Pl. 2, Figs 5–6

• Bellimurina tennuicorrugata, 13

• billingsi, Skenidioides, 28

• biloba, Anomia, 34

• bilobella, Dicoelosia, 36

• borealis, Stegerhynchus, 40

• bubovia, Nucleospira, 52

• Camarotoechiidae, 43

• Camarotoechiidae gen. indet. sp. indet., 43; Pl. 10, Figs 3–4

• cf. borealis?, Stegerhynchus, 39; Pl. 9, Fig. 8

• cf. marginalis, Spirigerina, 44; Pl. 10, Figs 14–20

• cf. pararia, Paracraniops, 11, 12

• cf. parva, Pentlandina, 15; Pl. 2, Figs 12–13; Pl. 3, Figs 1, 3–4

• cf. petasos, Plicocyrtia, 53; Pl. 13, Fig. 8

• cf. upsilon, Whitfieldella, 50

• charlottae, Leptaena, 12

• Chilidiopsoidea, 25

• Chilidiopsidae, 25

• Chonetes cingulatus, 24, 25

• Chonetoidea, 24

• cingulatus, Chonetes, 24, 25

• claritensis, Meristina, 49

• clarksoni, Isorthis (Ovalella), 30, 31, 32; Pl. 7, Figs 8–17; Text-fig. 9

• Clorindidae, 39

• cocksi, Eopholidostrophia, 22

• concentrica, Lissatrypa, 48

• consobrinus, Eospirifer, 55

• contermina, Leptaena, 18

• Coolinia applanata, 4, 26, Pl. 6, Figs 4-9

• Coolinia pecten, 4, 26, 27, 28; Pl. 6, Figs 10–14

• Coolinia propinquua, 28

• Coolinia reedsi, 28

• Coolinia subplana, 28

• copperi, Spirigerina, 45

• copperi, Strophochonetes, 25

• cornutus, Strophochonetes, 24, 25; Pl. 5, Figs 14–18; Pl. 6, Figs 1-3

• corrugata, Schizotreta, 11

• Crania subquadrata, 7

• Craniops attenuata, 12

• Craniops minor, 12

• Craniops pararia, 11

• Craniops tenuis, 12

• Craniops trentonensis, 12

• Craniops? sp., 12

• Craniopsidae, 11

• Craniopsoidea, 11

• crispa, Spirifer, 45, 56

• curtisi, Eocoelia, 41

• curtisi immatura, Eocoelia, 41

• Cyphomena? sp., 13; Pl. 3, Fig. 2

• Cyrtia alatiformis, 53

• Cyrtia exporrecta, 4, 52, 53; Pl. 13, Figs 1–7

• Cyrtia laevis, 53

• Cyrtia petasus, 53

• Cyrtia postera, 53

• Cyrtia spiriferoides, 53

• Cyrtia trapezoidalis, 52, 53

• Cyrtiidae, 52

• Cyrtioidea, 52

• Dalejina hanusi, 37

• Dalejina hybrida, 38

• Dalejina pentlandica, 2, 37, 38; Pl. 8, Figs 16–18; Pl. 9, Figs 1–5

• Dalejina phellodra, 38

• Dalmanellidae, 30

• Dalmanelloidea, 30

• davidsoni, Sphaerirhynchia, 42

• Delthyrididae, 55

• Delthyridoidea, 55

• Delthyris elegans, 55, 56

• depressa, Leptaena, 18

• depressa kathekta, Leptaena, 18

• Dicoelosia alticavata, 36

• Dicoelosia bailliehamiltonensis, 36

• Dicoelosia bilobella, 36

• Dicoelosia hibernica, 36

• Dicoelosia paralata, 36

• Dicoelosia paratenua, 34, 35, 36, 57; Pl. 8, Figs 10–15; Text-figs 11,12

• Dicoelosia vernuiliana, 36

• Dicoelosiidae, 34

• Discinoidea, 9

• duoia, Spirigerina, 45

• duplicata, Eoplectodonta, 23, 24

• elegans, Delthyris, 55, 56

• elegans, Howellella, 56, Pl. 12, Figs 12, 13

• ellesae, Eopholidostrophia, 22

• Eocoelia curtisi, 41

• Eocoelia curtisi immatura, 41

• Eocoelia sulcata, 40, 41; Pl. 9, Figs 9–14

• Eopholidostrophia, 21

• Eopholidostrophia cf. sefinensis sefinensis, 21, 22; Pl. 4, Figs 9–11; Pl. 5, Figs 1–2

• Eopholidostrophia cocksi, 22

• Eopholidostrophia ellesae, 22

• Eopholidostrophia matutinum, 22

• Eopholidostrophia sefinensis, 21, 22

• Eopholidostrophia sefinensis ellisae, 22

• Eopholidostrophia sefinensis sefinensis, 21, 22

• Eopholidostrophiidae, 21

• Eoplectodonta (Eoplectodonta) penkillensis, 22, 23; Pl. 5, Figs 3–8, 11, 12

• Eoplectodonta duplicata, 23, 24

• Eoplectodonta penkillenesis, 4, 22, 23, 24

• Eoplectodonta sp., 23, 24; Pl. 5, Figs 9–10, 13

• Eospirifer (Acutolineatus) acutolineatus, 55

• Eospirifer (Acutolineatus) pentagonus, 55

• Eospirifer cf. radiatus, 54, 55; Pl. 13, Figs 9–11

• Eospirifer consobrinus, 55

• Eospirifer radiatus, 54, 55

• Eospirifer sp., 55; Pl. 13, Figs 13, 14

• Eospirifer tuvaensis, 55

• Erinostrophia, 20

• Erinostrophia undata, 20, 21; Pl. 4, Figs 4–8

• eska, Leptaena, 16, 17, 18, 19; Pl. 3, Figs 5–13; Pl. 4, Figs 1–3; Text-figs 7, 8

• exporrecta, Cyrtia, 4, 52, 53; Pl. 13, Figs 1–7

• exporrectus, Anomites, 52

• filosa, Orbicula, 9

• forbesii, Orbicula, 10

• forbesii, Orbiculoidea, 10, 11; Pl. 2, Figs 1–4

• fumida, Lissatrypa, 48

• Glassia obovata, 48

• gothlandicus, Pentamerus, 39

• hanusi, Dalejina, 37

• hemisphaerica, Atrypa, 40

• hibernica, Dicoelosia, 36

• hongduensis, Spirigerina, 45

• Howellella elegans, 56, Pl. 12, Figs 12, 13

• Howellella pauciplicata, 56

• hybrida, Dalejina, 38

• inopia, Orbiculoidea, 10

• Isorthis (Ovalella), 30

• Isorthis (Ovalella) clarksoni, 30, 31, 32; Pl. 7, Figs 8–17; Text-fig. 9

• Isorthis (Ovalella) mackenziei, 4, 31, 32

• laevis, Cyrtia, 53

• lentilca, Nucleospira, 52

• Leontiella, 8

• leprosa, Lissatrypa, 48

• Leptaena aequalis, 18

• Leptaena charlottae, 12

• Leptaena contermina, 18

• Leptaena depressa, 18

• Leptaena depressa kathekta, 18

• Leptaena eska, 16, 17, 18, 19, Pl. 3, Figs 5–13; Pl. 4, Figs 1–3, Text-figs 7, 8

• Leptaena purpurea, 18

• Leptaena reedi, 18

• Leptaena rugosa, 16

• Leptaena valida, 18

• Leptaena wisgoriensis, 13

• Leptostrophiidae, 20

• lewisii, ‘Lingula, 8

• lewisii, Pentlandina, 15

• lewisii, Skenidioides, 28, 29, 30; Pl. 6, Figs 15–17; Pl. 7, Figs 1–7

• ‘Lingula’ lewisii, 8

• Linguloidea, 7

• Lissatrypa atheroidea, 47, 48

• Lissatrypa concentrica, 48

• Lissatrypa fumida, 48

• Lissatrypa leprosa, 48

• Lissatrypa magna, 48

• Lissatrypa minuta, 48

• Lissatrypa neglecta, 48

• Lissatrypa scotica, 47, 48; Pl. 11, Figs 9–13, 15

• Lissatrypa sigillata, 48

• Lissatrypa variabilis, 48

• Lissatrypa villosa, 48

• Lissatrypidae, 47

• mackenziei, Isorthis (Ovalella), 4, 31, 32

• maclareni, Meristina?, 48, 49; Pl. 12, Fig. 1

• magna, Lissatrypa, 48

• marginalis, Spirigerina, 44, 45

• marginalis, Terebratula, 44

• maria, Meristella, 48

• matutinum, Eopholidostrophia, 22

• Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia) undata, 20, 21

• Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia) walmstedti, 20, 21

• Meristella maria, 48

• Meristellidae, 48

• Meristina claritensis, 49

• Meristina obtusa, 49, 50; Pl. 11, Figs 14, 16

• Meristina tumida, 49, 50

• Meristina? maclareni, 48, 49; Pl. 12, Fig.1

• Mesopholidostrophia, 22

• minor, Craniops, 12

• minuta, Lissatrypa, 48

• moranus, Skenidioides, 30

• myriofila, Myriospirifer, 55

• Myriospirifer, 55

• Myriospirifer myriofila, 55

• Myriospirifer? sp., 55

• neglecta, Lissatrypa, 48

• nitida, Atrypa, 50

• nitida, Whitfieldella, 50

• Nucleospira bubovia, 52

• Nucleospira lentilca, 52

• Nucleospira pisum, 51, 52; Pl. 12, Figs 6–11

• Nucleospiridae, 51

• Obolidae, 8

• Obolidae gen. et sp. indet., 8; Pl. 1, Figs 11–13

• obovata, Glassia, 48

• oblongus var. subrectus, Pentamerus, 38

• obtusa, Meristina, 49, 50; Pl. 11, Figs 14, 16

• Oglupes scarabeus, 45

• Oglupes scotia, 45, 46, 47; Pl. 10, Figs 21–23; Pl. 11, Figs 1–8; Text-fig. 13

• Orbicula filosa, 9

• Orbicula forbesii, 10

• Orbiculoidea armstrongi, 10

• Orbiculoidea forbesii, 10, 11; Pl. 2, Figs 1–4

• Orbiculoidea inopia, 10

• Orbiculoidea shallochensis, 10

• Orbiculoidea sp., 11; Pl. 1, Fig. 19

• Orbiculoidea stincharensis, 10

• Orbiculoidea? penkillenesis, 10

• Orthis applanata, 25

• Orthis undata, 20

• Orthis visbyensis, 33

• ovalis, Platyorthis, 30

• Palaeoglossa, 8

• parabola, Pentlandina, 16

• Paracraniops cf. pararia, 11, 12

• Paracraniops pararia, 11, 12

• paralata, Dicoelosia, 36

• pararia, Craniops, 11

• pararia, Paracraniops, 11, 12

• paratenua, Dicoelosia, 34, 35, 36, 57; Pl. 8, Figs 10–15; Text-figs 11, 12

• parva, Pentlandina, 15, 16

• pauciplicata, Howellella, 56

• pecten, Coolinia, 4, 26, 27, 28; Pl. 6, Figs 10–14

• penkillensis, Eoplectodonta, 4, 22, 23, 24

• penkillensis, Eoplectodonta (Eoplectodonta), 22, 23; Pl. 5, Figs 3–8, 11, 12

• penkillenesis, Orbiculoidea?, 10

• pentagonus, Eospirifer (Acutolineatus), 55

• Pentameridae, 38

• Pentameroidea, 38

• Pentameroides septentrionalis, 39

• Pentameroides? sp., 38, 39; Pl. 9, Fig. 6

• Pentamerus gothlandicus, 39

• Pentamerus oblongus var. subrectus, 38

• Pentlandella pentlandica, 2, 4, 43, 44; Pl. 10, Figs 5–13

• pentlandica, Dalejina, 2, 37, 38; Pl. 8, Figs 16–18; Pl. 9, Figs 1–5

• pentlandica, Pentlandella, 2, 4, 43, 44; Pl. 10, Figs 5–13

• pentlandica, Rhynchonella, 43

• Pentlandina parabola, 16

• Pentlandina cf. parva, 15, 16; Pl. 2, Figs 12–13; Pl. 3, Figs 1, 3–4

• Pentlandina lewisii, 15

• Pentlandina parva, 15, 16

• Pentlandina tartana, 15, 16

• petasus, Cyrtia, 53

• phellodra, Dalejina, 38

• pisum, Nucleospira, 51, 52; Pl. 12, Figs 6–11

• Platyorthis ovalis, 30

• Plectambonitoidea, 22

• Plicocyrtia cf. petasus, 53; Pl. 13, Fig. 8

• postera, Cyrtia, 53

• praecursor, Stegerhynchus, 40

• propinquua, Coolinia, 28

• precursor, Sowerbyella, 22

• Protochonetes, 25

• Pseudolingula, 7

• Pseudolingula? sp. 1, 7; Pl. 1, Figs 1–2

• Pseudolingula? sp. 2, 7; Pl. 1, Fig. 3

• Pseudolingulidae, 7

• Pseudolingulidae gen. nov. sp. 1, 7, 8; Pl. 1, Fig. 4

• Pseudolingulidae gen. nov. sp. 2, 8; Pl. 1, Figs 5–9

• purpurea, Leptaena, 18

• pygmaea, Visbyella, 34

• pygmaea, Whitfieldella, 50

• Rafinesquinidae, 16

• radiatus, cf. Eospirifer, 54, 55; Pl. 13, Figs 9–11

• radiatus, Eospirifer, 54, 55

• radiatus, Spirifer, 53, 54

• reedi, Leptaena, 18

• reedsi, Coolinia, 28

• reticularis, Atrypa, 46

• Rhipidomellidae, 37

• Rhynchonella (Stegerhynchus) whitti- praecursor, 39

• Rhynchonella pentlandica, 43

• Rhynchonelloidea, 39

• Rhynchotrema, 40

• Rhynchotrematidae, 39

• Rhytidorhachis, 40

• rugosa, Leptaena, 16

• scarabeus, Oglupes, 45

• Schizocrania striata, 9; Pl. 1, Fig. 17

• Schizocrania? sp., 9

• Schizotreta corrugata, 11

• Schizotreta sp., 11; Pl. 1, Fig. 18

• Schizotreta willardi, 11

• scolidus, Skenidioides, 30

• scotia, Oglupes, 45, 46, 47; Pl. 10, Figs 21–23; Pl. 11, Figs 1–8; Text-fig. 13

• scotica, Lissatrypa, 47, 48; Pl. 11, Figs 9–13, 15

• sefinensis, Eopholidostrophia, 21, 22

• sefinensis, Stropheodonta, 21

• sefinensis ellisae, Eopholidostrophia, 22

• sefinensis sefinensis, cf. Eopholidostrophia, 21, 22; Pl. 4, Figs 9–11; Pl. 5, Figs 1–2

• sefinensis sefinensis, Eopholidostrophia, 21, 22

• septentrionalis, Pentameroides, 39

• shallochensis, Orbiculoidea, 10

• sigillata, Lissatrypa, 48

• sinensis, Spirigerina, 45

• Skenidiidae, 28

• Skenidioidea, 28

• Skenidioides billingsi, 28

• Skenidioides lewisii, 28, 29, 30; Pl. 6, Figs 15–17; Pl. 7, Figs 1–7

• Skenidioides moranus, 30

• Skenidioides scolidus, 30

• Sowerbyella precursor, 22

• Sowerbyellidae, 22

• Sphaerirhynchia davidsoni, 42

• Sphaerirhynchia sphaeroidalis, 41, 42; Pl. 9, Figs 15–18; Pl. 10, Figs 1–2

• Sphaerirhynchia wilsoni, 42

• sphaeroidalis, Sphaerirhynchia, 41, 42; Pl. 9, Figs 15–18; Pl. 10, Figs 1–2

• Spirifer (Eospirigerina), 45

• Spirifer crispa, 45, 56

• Spirifer radiatus, 53, 54

• Spirifer ventricosa, 51

• spiriferoides, Cyrtia, 53

• Spirigerina (Spirigerina), 45

• Spirigerina cf. marginalis, 44; Pl. 10, Figs 14–20

• Spirigerina copperi, 45

• Spirigerina duoia, 45

• Spirigerina hongduensis, 45

• Spirigerina marginalis, 44, 45

• Spirigerina sinensis, 45

• Stegerhynchus, 39

• Stegerhynchus borealis, 40

• Stegerhynchus cf. borealis?, 39; Pl. 9, Fig. 8

• Stegerhynchus praecursor, 40

• stincharensis, Orbiculoidea, 10

• striata, Schizocrania, 9; Pl. 1, Fig. 17

• Stropheodonta sefinensis, 21

• Strophochonetes, 24

• Strophochonetes copperi, 25

• Strophochonetes cornutus, 24, 25; Pl. 5, Fig 14–18; Pl. 6, Figs 1–3

• Strophochonetidae, 24

• Strophomena (Pentlandina) tartana, 14

• Strophomenidae, 12

• Strophomenoidea, 12

• subplana, Coolinia, 28

• subquadrata, Crania, 7

• sulcata, Eocoelia, 40, 41; Pl. 9, Figs 9–14

• sulcatina, Whitfieldella, 50

• tartana, Pentlandina, 15, 16

• tartana, Strophomena (Pentlandina), 14

• tennuicorrugata, Bellimurina, 13

• tenuis, Craniops, 12

• Terebratula marginalis, 44

• Terebratula wilsoni, 41

• trapezoidalis, Cyrtia, 52, 53

• Trematiidae, 9

• trentonensis, Craniops, 12

• Trigonirhynchiidae, 40

• tumida, Meristina, 49, 50

• tuvaensis, Eospirifer, 55

• undata, Erinostrophia, 20, 21; Pl. 4, Figs 4–8

• undata, Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia), 20, 21

• undata, Orthis, 20

• Unginulidae, 41

• upsilon, Whitfieldella, 50

• valida, Leptaena, 18

• variabilis, Lissatrypa, 48

• ventricosa, Spirifer, 51

• vernuiliana, Dicoelosia, 36

• villosa, Lissatrypa, 48

• Visbyella pygmaea, 34

• Visbyella visbyensis, 4, 32, 33, 34; Pl. 8, Figs 1–9; Text-fig. 10

• visbyensis, Orthis, 33

• visbyensis, Visbyella, 4, 32, 33, 34; Pl. 8, Figs 1–9; Text-fig. 10

• walmstedti, Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia), 20, 21

• Whitfieldella aff. upsilon, 50, Pl. 12, Figs 2, 3, 5

• Whitfieldella cf. upsilon, 50

• Whitfieldella nitida, 50

• Whitfieldella pygmaea, 50

• Whitfieldella sulcatina, 50

• Whitfieldella upsilon, 50

• Whitfieldella? sp., 50, 51; Pl. 12, Fig. 4

• whitti-praecursor, Rhynchonella (Stegerhynchus), 39

• willardi, Schizotreta, 11

• wilsoni, Sphaerirhynchia, 42

• wilsoni, Terebratula, 41

• wisgoriensis, Leptaena, 13

• Zygospiridae, 44