Exposure to waterpipe smoke induces renal functional and oxidative biomarkers variations in mice

Abstract

Context: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has been known for over 400 years. It has been spread widely especially between youth because of the addition of pleasant flavor and because it was misconsidered to be less harmful than cigarette.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effect of waterpipe smoking on renal oxidative and functional parameters and compared that at acute and chronic exposure time in mice.

Materials and methods: Mice were divided into three groups, namely acute, chronic and fresh air control. Acute group was exposed to waterpipe smoke for one hour daily for six days using whole-body exposure system, while chronic group was exposed to waterpipe smoke for one hour daily for 30 days using whole-body exposure system.

Result: Exposure to waterpipe smoke has shown significant changes on the mice kidney functional parameters such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Both exposures (acute and chronic) has shown a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05), whereas the activity of other antioxidant enzymes (catalase and GPx) reduced only with chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke (p < 0.05). Additionally, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in mice kidney homogenates has shown a significant elevation following chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke (p < 0.05).

Discussion and conclusion: In conclusion, chronic waterpipe smoke affects the kidney parameter and antioxidant markers, therefore affecting its functionality of detoxifying and removal of poisonous material from the body.

Keywords:

• Glutathione
• kidney
• oxidative stress
• waterpipe smoke

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.