Steroid hormones in surface water resources in China: systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic ecological risk assessment

ABSTRACT

A Search was conducted in international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from 10 January 2005 to 15 January 2023. The risk quotient (RQ) of Estrone (E1), 17β–E2 (E2), and Estriol (E3) on the surface water resources of China was calculated by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique. The rank order of steroid hormones based on pooled (weighted average) concentration in surface water was E3 (2.15 ng/l) > E2 (2.01 ng/l) > E1 (1.385 ng/l). The concentration of E1 in Dianchi lake (236.50.00 ng/l), 17β-E2 in Licun river (78.50 ng/l), and E3 in Dianchi lake (103.1 ng/l) were higher than in other surface water resources in China. RQ related to E1, 17β-E2 and E3 in 68.00%, 88.89% and 3.92% of surface water resources were high ecological risk, respectively. Therefore, carrying out source control plans for steroid hormones in surface water sources should be conducted continuously.

KEYWORDS:

• Steroid hormones
• surface water
• river
• ecological risk

Acknowledgements

This study was not supported.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

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The authors declare their Consent to Participate in this article.

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The authors declare their Consent to Publish this article.

Author’s contribution

Zoha Heidarinejad; screening of papers and data extraction; Vahid Ranaei: Supervision, Investigation, Resources, Conceptualization, Risk Assessment, Methodology, Writing original draft; Fereshteh Mehri, Hasti Daraei and Van Nam Thai: Literature Searching, Writing & Editing; Xiaomei Hui, Van Nam Thai and Yadolah Fakhri.

Notes

1. Limit of detection.

2. Not mentioned.

3. Effect Size.

4. Heterogeneity chi-squared.

5. Degree of freedom.

Additional information

Funding

Supported by the Open Research Fund of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences（2022YYSYKFYB06）and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution (2022YSKY-01).