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ABSTRACT
This study explores cohesion levels within Istanbul's internal migrant groups, focusing on formal solidarity networks and Hometown Associations (HTAs). It examines disparities in organizational density within formal associations among these groups and identifies the underlying factors that contribute to the varying degrees of cohesion. The findings highlight a contiguous region at the intersection of the Black Sea's hinterland and Eastern Anatolia, where migrants in Istanbul exhibit higher levels of solidarity through organizational density. HTAs originating from villages tend to concentrate in peripheral settlements, while city and district associations are prevalent in central residential areas. This research adds to the understanding of internal migration and solidarity networks, offering a data-driven basis for further studies. It presents an innovative metric for quantifying the bonds within migrant groups, crucial for evaluating their social capital. This metric serves as a foundation, encouraging a broader research agenda to deepen insights into migrant social capital.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1 Carroll and Hannan, “Density Dependence.”
2 Koytak and Celik, “A Text Mining Approach.”
3 Schüler, Türkiye’de Sosyal Demokrasi.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Caglar, “Hometown Associations,” and Dicarlo, Migrating to America.
7 Demirbağ, “Refah Partisi,” and Coşkun, “Village Associations.”
8 Çelik, “‘I Miss My Village!’”; Yılmaz, Hemşehri Kimliği; Kırlı, and “İstanbul’da Hemşehrilik.”
9 Bayraktar, “Formelleşen Hemşehri.”
10 Erder, İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu.
11 Dubetsky, “Kinship, Primordial Ties,” and Güneş-Ayata, “Gecekondularda Kimlik.”
12 Schüler, Türkiye’de Sosyal Demokrasi; Köksal and Kara, “1980 Sonrasında”; and Caymaz, “İstanbul’da Niğdeli Hemşehri Dernekleri.”
13 Orozco and Rouse, “Migrant Hometown Associations,” and Bada, “Collective Remittances.”
14 Moya, “Immigrants and Associations”; Somerville, Durana, and Terrazas, “Hometown Associations”; and Kayaoğlu, “Hometown Associations.”
15 Erder, İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu; Hersant and Toumarkine, “Hometown Organisations”; and Pérouse, “Phénomène Migratoire.”
16 Pérouse, “Phénomène Migratoire, s.”
17 Meeker, A Nation Of Empire, 432.
18 Christiansen, “Hometown Associations.”
19 Caglar, “Hometown Associations.”
20 Bavoni, “Soccer and Hometown Associations.”
21 Ahn Paarlberg, “Hometown Associations.”
22 Vonderlack-Navarro and Sites, “The Bi-National Road.”
23 Muñoz and Collazo, “Looking out for Paisanos.”
24 Waldinger, Popkin, and Magana, “Conflict and Contestation.”
25 Massicard, Türkiye’den Avrupa’ya.
26 Schüler, Türkiye’de Sosyal Demokrasi.
27 Massicard, Türkiye’den Avrupa’ya.
28 Erder, Kentsel Gerilim.
29 Erder, Yeni Nesil Popülizmi.
30 Tuğal, “The Appeal of Islamic Politics,” and Tuğal, “The Urban Dynamism.”
31 Wedel, Siyaset ve Cinsiyet.
32 Ibid, 118.
33 Doğan, Mahalledeki AKP.
34 Ibid, 68.
35 Ibid, 105.
36 Işık and Pınarcıoğlu, Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk, 77–78.
37 Ibid, 117.
38 Ibid, 171.
39 Ibid, 260.
40 Tuğal, “The Urban Dynamism.”
41 Pérouse, “Phénomène Migratoire,\.”
42 Yaman, Köy Köy Türkiye Yol Atlası.
43 Kurtoğlu, “Kentleşme Sürecinde”; “Toplumsal Değişim Raporlari”; and Kayaoğlu, “Veri Sunumu:.”
44 Kayaoğlu, “Veri Sunumu:.”
45 Kurtoğlu, “Mekansal Bir Olgu Olarak Hemşehrilik.”
46 All supplementary tables and figures are available in the on-line version of this article and can be requested from the corresponding author.
48 HTAs are classified using the concepts of province, district, village, and region. Turkey consists of 81 provinces, which are further subdivided into smaller administrative units known as districts. These districts usually encompass a central district area and its surrounding villages. The villages, typically located in rural areas, represent Turkey's smallest administrative units. Additionally, on a regional level, Turkey is segmented into various regions. These regions are defined by their geographic, economic, and demographic characteristics and, while not official administrative structures, are utilized for planning and statistical analysis.
49 Bayraktar, “Formelleşen Hemşehri”
50 Aslandaş, “1980 Sonrası Dernekler.”
51 Erder, İstanbul’a Bir Kent Kondu.
52 Acar et al., İlçelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik.
53 Caymaz, “İstanbul’da Niğdeli.”
54 Fliche, “The Hemşehrilik and the Village:”; Le Ray, “Associations de Pays”; Massicard, “Politiser La Provenance.”; Yücel, “Les Jeunes Alévis”; and Erder, İstanbul Bir Kervansaray.
55 Massicard, Türkiye’den Avrupa’ya.
56 Hersant and Toumarkine, “Hometown Organisations.”
57 Pérouse, “Phénomène Migratoire.”
58 Bayraktar, “Formelleşen Hemşehri Dayanışma Ağları.”
59 Pérouse, “Phénomène Migratoire.”
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Süleyman Kıroğlu
Süleyman Kıroğlu is a doctoral student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Colorado-Boulder. He earned his master’s degree in Near Eastern Studies from New York University. His academic focus revolves around race, ethnicity, citizenship, immigration, rural-to-urban migration dynamics, and the study of migrant organizations in the Middle East, Europe, and the US.
Hüseyin Zeyd Koytak
Huseyin Zeyd Koytak is a doctoral candidate in sociology at Syracuse University, with his research primarily centered around the themes of immigrant incorporation, race, ethnicity, and consumption. Koytak employs a wide range of methodologies to critically examine both the socio-spatial and symbolic dimensions of inequality. His significant academic contributions include a comprehensive analysis of how Syrian immigration to Turkey is portrayed in the digital public sphere, as well as an analysis on the impact of ethnicity on consumer reviews in the restaurant industry. Koytak's research excellence has been recognized with numerous grants and awards, including an acknowledgment from the American Sociological Association.