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ABSTRACT
In the contemporary world, in order to deal with the existing problems of ecological debilitation and global warming and owing to the dire need to fulfill the rising necessities for sustainable energy, biochar could be a promising solution. Attributable to the astounding features of biochar, including higher capacitance (≤1600 F/g) and surface area (≤340 m2/g), greater energy density (≤26 GJ/Ton), and porosity (≤9 µm), they can be utilized in the energy storage domain. This review presents a comprehensive overview of conventional biochar production techniques encompassing pyrolysis and gasification along with an emphasis on biochar and their applications as efficient materials for sustainable energy storage in the near future. The beneficial characteristics of biochar over other carbonaceous substances (activated carbon, graphene) have been highlighted here. The applications of biochar and their composites for use in zinc-air batteries, thermochemical storage, magnetic concentration cells, lithium-ion batteries, green energy storage systems, and supercapacitors are analytically scrutinized in this review. Furthermore, all the challenges associated with the practical utilization of this methodology, with a road map leading to future prospects that can be implemented in the near future for the scalability of these projects have been emphasized here.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. C.P. Ramanarayanan, Vice-Chancellor, DIAT (Pune) for the support. The first author acknowledges Dr. Vikrant Gaikwad, HoS School of Chemical Engineering, MIT WPU (Pune). The authors are also thankful to Dr. Amrita Nighojkar, Ms. Niranjana J.P., Mr. Jigar Patadiya, and Ms. Alsha Subash for their unwavering technical support throughout the review.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Availability of data and material
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in the submitted manuscript
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The authors consent to publish the article upon acceptance.
Ethics approval
The submitted article complies with the ethical guidelines of the journal and does not contain the results of studies involving humans and/or animals.