Association of size-resolved number concentrations of particulate matter with cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and mortality in Prague, Czech Republic

Abstract

We analyzed the association of particle number and PM_2.5 concentrations with mortality and cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in Prague. Number concentrations of submicron particles in the range of 15–487 nm were measured continuously at a central site in 2006. The particle number concentrations were integrated into four groups with count median diameters of 31 (NC₃₁), 128 (NC₁₂₈), and 346 nm (NC₃₄₆). The total number concentration of submicron particles 15–487 nm (NC_tot) was also constructed. The studied health outcomes were the daily hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and daily cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and the total mortality. The Poisson regression was used for data analysis. The strongest association was found for the accumulation mode particles (NC₃₄₆) (RR 1.164, 95% CI: 1.052–1.287 for cardiovascular and 1.334, 95% CI: 1.126–1.579 for respiratory admissions for a 7-day moving average for 1000 particles per 1 cm³ increase). Reasonable association between both the cardiovascular and respiratory admissions and NC₃₄₆ was also found for lag 0, lag 1, lag 2 (not for respiratory admissions), and the 4-day moving average. For NC₁₂₈ and NC_tot, the association was also significant for both cardiovascular and respiratory admissions at lag 0, lag 1, and lag 2 (not for respiratory admissions) for the 4-day and 7-day moving average. The association between the PM_2.5 and daily cardiovascular hospital admissions was significant at 2-day lag and for a 4-day average. Positive association with respiratory admissions was significant only for a 7-day average. No association was found between the studied air pollution variables and daily mortality.

Keywords::

• Particulate matter
• ultrafine particles
• PM_2.5
• mortality
• morbidity
• time series
• exposure assessment

Acknowledgements

We thank the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and the Czech National Institute of Public Health (specifically Dr. Helena Kazmarova and Dr. Bohumil Kotlik) for providing the supporting data used in this study.

Declaration of Interest

The work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic under the NPVII research program, grant no. 2B08077 (Project INAIR).