References
- Arismendi, N., Caro, S., Vargas, M., Riveros, G., & Venegas, T. (2020). Impact of mixed infections of gut parasites Lotmaria passim and Nosema ceranae on the lifespan and immune-related biomarkers in Apis mellifera. Insects, 11, 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11070420
- Fries, I., Feng, F., da Silva, A., Slemenda, S. B., & Pieniazek, N. J. (1996). Nosema ceranae n. sp. (Microspora, Nosematidae), morphological and molecular characterization of a microsporidian parasite of the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae). European Journal of Protistology, 32(3), 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(96)80059-9
- Genersch, E. (2010). Honey bee pathology: Current threats to honey bees and beekeeping. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2573-8
- Gómez-Moracho, T., Buendía-Abad, M., Benito, M., García-Palencia, P., Barrios, L., Bartolomé, C., Maside, X., Meana, A., Jiménez-Antón, M. D., Olías-Molero, A. I., Alunda, J. M., Martín-Hernández, R., & Higes, M. (2020). Experimental evidence of harmful effects of Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim on honey bees. International Journal for Parasitology, 50(13), 1117–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.06.009
- Higes, M., Rodríguez-García, C., Gómez-Moracho, T., Meana, A., Bartolomé, C., Maside, X., Barrios, L., & Martín-Hernández, R. (2016). Survival of honey bees (Apis mellifera) with Crithidia mellificae spheroid forms (Langridge and McGhee: ATCC® 30254TM) in the presence of Nosema ceranae. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(3), e05SC02. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016143-8722
- Keck, C. B. (1937). Presidential address: Observations on beekeeping in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 9, 461–467.
- Le Conte, Y., & Navajas, M. (2008). Climate change: Impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Revue Scientifique et Technique (Internationlal Office of Epizootics), 27(2), 499–510.
- Liu, Q., Lei, J., Darby, A. C., & Kadowaki, T. (2020). Trypanosomatid parasite dynamically changes the transcriptome during infection and modifies honey bee physiology. Communications Biology, 3(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-0775-x
- Milbrath, M. O., van Tran, T., Huang, W.-F., Solter, L. F., Tarpy, D. R., Lawrence, F., & Huang, Z. Y. (2015). Comparative virulence and competition between Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 125, 9–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2014.12.006
- R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. v.4.0.2. http://www.R-project.org/
- Ravoet, J., Maharramov, J., Meeus, I., De Smet, L., Wenseleers, T., Smagghe, G., & de Graaf, D. C. (2013). Comprehensive bee pathogen screening in Belgium reveals Crithidia mellificae as a new contributory factor to winter mortality. PLoS One, 8(8), e72443. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072443
- Schwarz, R. S., Bauchan, G. R., Murphy, C. A., Ravoet, J., de Graaf, D. C., & Evans, J. D. (2015). Characterization of two species of Trypanosomatidae from the honey bee Apis mellifera: Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, and Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62(5), 567–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12209
- Schwarz, R. S., & Evans, J. D. (2013). Single and mixed-species trypanosome and microsporidia infections elicit distinct, ephemeral cellular and humoral immune responses in honey bees. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 40(3-4), 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.010
- Schwarz, R. S., Teixeira, E. W., Tauber, J. P., Birke, J. M., Martins, M. F., Fonseca, I., & Evans, J. D. (2014). Honey bee colonies act as reservoirs for two Spiroplasma facultative symbionts and incur complex, multiyear infection dynamics. Microbiology Open, 3(3), 341–355.
- Smith, K. M., Loh, E. H., Rostal, M. K., Zambrana-Torrelio, C. M., Mendiola, L., & Daszak, P. (2014). Pathogens, pests, and economics: Drivers of honey bee colony declines and losses. EcoHealth, 10(4), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-013-0870-2
- Stevanovic, J., Schwarz, R. S., Vejnovic, B., Evans, J. D., Irwin, R. E., Glavinic, U., & Stanimirovic, Z. (2016). Species-specific diagnostics of Apis mellifera trypanosomatids: A nine-year survey (2007-2015) for trypanosomatids and microsporidians in Serbian honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 139, 6–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.001
- Szalanski, A. L., Trammel, C. E., Cleary, D., & Tripodi, A. D. (2016). Genetic diversity, pathogens and parasites of feral honey bees and swarms from eight Mississippi counties. Midsouth Entomologist, 9, 67–76.
- Szalanski, A. L., Tripodi, A. D., & Trammel, C. E. (2014). Molecular detection of Nosema apis and N. ceranae from southwestern and south central USA feral Africanized and European honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Florida Entomologist, 97(2), 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0233
- Szalanski, A. L., Tripodi, A. D., Trammel, C. E., & Downey, D. (2016). Mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity of honey bees, Apis mellifera, in Hawaii. Apidologie, 47(5), 679–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0416-4
- Szalanski, A. L., Whitaker, J., Tripodi, A. D., & Cappy, P. (2013). Prevalence of Nosema from managed honey bee colonies from South Dakota and New York, USA. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 29(1), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.3954/JAUE13-03.1
- Tritschler, M., Retschnig, G., Yañez, O., Williams, G. R., & Neumann, R. (2017). Host sharing by the honey bee parasites Lotmaria passim and Nosema ceranae. Ecology and Evolution, 7(6), 1850–1857. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2796
- vanEngelsdorp, D., & Meixner, M. D. (2010). A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103 Suppl 1, S80–S95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.011
- Williams, M.-K F., Tripodi, A. D., & Szalanski, A. L. (2019). Molecular survey for the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) trypanosome parasites Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim. Journal of Apicultural Research, 58(4), 553–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1568956