A Pragmatic Approach to Skill Acquisition for Physical Education: Considering Cognitive and Ecological Dynamics Perspectives

References

• Abernethy, B., Gill, D. P., Parks, S. L., & Packer, S. T. (2001). Expertise and the perception of kinematic and situational probability information. Perception, 30(2), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.1068/p2872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham, A., & Collins, D. (2011). Taking the next step: Ways forward for coaching science. Quest, 63(4), 366–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2011.10483687
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adriaanse, J., & Crosswhite, J. (2008). David or Mia? The influence of gender on adolescent girls’ choice of sport role models. Women’s Studies International Forum, 31(5), 383–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2008.08.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken, C. A., Fairbrother, J. T., & Post, P. G. (2012). The effects of self-controlled video feedback on the learning of the basketball set shot. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, D., & Carr, M. (2017). Learning styles theory fails to explain learning and achievement: Recommendations for alternative approaches. Personality and Individual Differences, 116(October), 410–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.050
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Beilock, S. L., & Carr, T. H. (2001). On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 701–725. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, N. A. (1967). The co-ordination and regulation of movements. Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Biesta, G., & Tedder, M. (2007). Agency and learning in the lifecourse: Towards an ecological perspective. Studies in the Education of Adults, 39(2), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2007.11661545
   Google Scholar
• Binks, J., Wilson, C., Van Schaik, P., & Eaves, D. (2023). Motor learning without physical practice: The effects of combined action observation and motor imagery practice on cup-stacking speed. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w6x54
   Google Scholar
• Bobrownicki, R., Carson, H. J., MacPherson, A. C., & Collins, D. (2022). Unloading the dice: Selection and design of comparison and control groups in controlled trials to enhance translational impact within motor learning and control research. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(5), 1330–1344. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1956567
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortoli, L., Bertollo, M., Hanin, Y., & Robazza, C. (2012). Striving for excellence: A multi-action plan intervention model for shooters. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(5), 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buszard, T., Farrow, D., Reid, M., & Masters, R. S. W. (2014). Modifying equipment in early skill development: A tennis perspective. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 85(2), 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2014.893054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Button, C., Seifert, L., Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., & Araujo, D. (2021). Dynamics of skill acquisition: An ecological dynamics approach (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Cater, K. (2022). The benefits and challenges of environmental sensitivity for postsecondary learners: Implications for education policy, practice and institutions [ Doctoral dissertation, University of the Sunshine Coast].
   Google Scholar
• Charlesworth, R. (2016). Understanding child development. Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J. Y., & Atencio, M. (2014). Complex and nonlinear pedagogy and the implications for physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 19(8), 1034–1054. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.728528
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., & Renshaw, I. (2021). Nonlinear pedagogy in skill acquisition: An introduction. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315813042
   Google Scholar
• Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., Button, C., Shuttleworth, R., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D. (2007). The role of non linear pedagogy in physical education. Review of Educational Research, 77(3), 251–278. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430305615
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181–204. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, D., Taylor, J., Ashford, M., & Collins, L. (2022). It depends coaching – The most fundamental, simple and complex principle or a mere copout? Sports Coaching Review, 1–21. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2022.2154189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, L., & Collins, D. (2016). Professional judgement and decision-making in the planning process of high-level adventure sports coaching practice. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 16(3), 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2016.1162182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia, V., Carvalho, J., Araújo, D., Pereira, E., & Davids, K. (2019). Principles of nonlinear pedagogy in sport practice. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1552673
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dail, T. K., & Christina, R. W. (2004). Distribution of practice and metacognition in learning and long-term retention of a discrete motor task. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75(2), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davids, K., Otte, F., & Rothwel, M. (2021). Adopting an ecological perspective on skill performance and learning in sport. European Journal of Human Movement, 46, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2021.46.667
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Ellmer, E., Rynne, S., & Enright, E. (2020). Learning in action sports: A scoping review. European Physical Education Review, 26(1), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19851535
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmanouel, C., Zervas, Y., & Vagenas, G. (1992). Effects of four physical education teaching methods on development of motor skill, self-concept, and social attitudes of fifth-grade children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74(3_suppl), 1151–1167. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3c.1151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson, C., Carson, H. J., & Collins, D. (2023). Skill execution errors: An “it depends” perspective on their role, type and use when coaching for player development in sport. Sports Coaching Review. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2023.2263268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finney, S. (2022). The impact of curricular materials on learner agency: An ecological perspective on role-immersion pedagogy. In D. K. LaScotte, C. S. Mathieu, & S. S. David (Eds.), New perspectives on material mediation in language learner pedagogy (Vol. 56, pp. 153–169). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Fitts, P. M., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human performance. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, C., Bekemeier, K., & Menze-Sonneck, A. (2021). Imagery training in school-based physical education improves the performance and the mental representation of a complex action in comprehensive school students. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 56(September), 101972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101972
   Google Scholar
• Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. (1966). The problem of temporal order in stimulation and perception. The Journal of Psychology, 62(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1966.10543777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67–82). Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. (1979). The theory of affordances. The ecological approach to visual perception. In The people, place and, space reader. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goodyear, V. A., Casey, A., & Kirk, D. (2014). Hiding behind the camera: Social learning within the cooperative learning model to engage girls in physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 19(6), 712–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.707124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottwald, V., Davies, M., & Owen, R. (2023). Every story has two sides: Evaluating information processing and ecological dynamics perspectives of focus of attention in skill acquisition. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1176635. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1176635
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray, R. (2020). Comparing the constraints led approach, differential learning and prescriptive instruction for training opposite-field hitting in baseball. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, 101797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101797
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald, T., & Corsbie-Massay, C. (2006). Guidelines for cognitively efficient multimedia learning tools: Educational strategies, cognitive load, and interface design. Academic Medicine, 81(3), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200603000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadagnoli, M. A., & Lee, T. D. (2004). Challenge point: A framework for conceptualizing the effects of various practice conditions in motor learning. Journal of Motor Behavior, 36(2), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.3200/JMBR.36.2.212-224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haken, H., Kelso, J. A. S., & Bunz, H. (1985). A theoretical model of phase transitions in human hand movements. Biological Cybernetics, 51(5), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, L., Smith, C. A., & Brandon, Z. E. (2020). Representing the psychological demands of sport: A constraints-led approach to mental skills training. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 11(2), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2020.1729913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, S., & Light, R. L. (2015). Questioning for learning in game-based approaches to teaching and coaching. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 6(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/18377122.2015.1051268
   Google Scholar
• Heft, H. (1989). Affordances and the body: An intentional analysis of Gibson’s ecological approach to visual perception. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 19(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1989.tb00133.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, J. M. (2016). Gaze control as prediction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes, P. S., & Collins, D. (2001). The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(1), 60–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200109339004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston, D., & Morrison, B. W. (2016). The application of naturalistic decision-making techniques to explore cue use in rugby league playmakers. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 10(4), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343416662181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kump, B., Moskaliuk, J., Cress, U., & Kimmerle, J. (2015). Cognitive foundations of organizational learning: Re-introducing the distinction between declarative and non-declarative knowledge. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1489. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M. C. Y., Chow, J. Y., Komar, J., Tan, C. W. K., Button, C., & Robin, D. A. (2014). Nonlinear pedagogy: An effective approach to cater for individual differences in learning a sports skill. PLoS One, 9(8), e104744. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light, R. L., & Harvey, S. (2017). Positive pedagogy for sport coaching. Sport, Education and Society, 22(2), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1015977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, E. A. (1987). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive view. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 169–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/258004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lola, A. C., & Tzetzis, G. C. (2021). The development of motor and perceptual skills in young athletes. In H. D. G. Nielsen (Ed.), Sport psychology in sports, exercise and physical activity (pp. 43–66). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99245
   Google Scholar
• Magill, R., & Anderson, D. (2021). Motor learning and control: Concepts and applications (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
   Google Scholar
• Martindale, A., & Collins, D. (2005). Professional judgment and decision making: The role of intention for impact. The Sport Psychologist, 19(3), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.19.3.303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martindale, A., & Collins, D. (2012). A professional judgment and decision making case study: Reflection-in-action research. The Sport Psychologist, 26(4), 500–518. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.26.4.500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merbah, S., & Meulemans, T. (2011). Learning a motor skill: Effects of blocked versus random practice - a review. Psychologica Belgica, 51(1), 15–48. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb-51-1-15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metzler, M. (2017). Instructional models in physical education. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315213521
   Google Scholar
• Mosston, M., & Ashworth, S. (1990). The spectrum of teaching styles. From command to discovery. Longman.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, F., & Chroinin, D. N. (2011). Playtime: The needs of very young learners in physical education and sport. In K. Armour (Ed.), Sport pedagogy: An introduction for teaching and coaching (pp. 140–152). Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, K. M. (1986). Constraints to the development of coordination. In M. G. Wade & H. T. A. Whiting (Eds.), Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control (pp. 341–360). Martinus Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4460-2_19
   Google Scholar
• Oppici, L., Dix, A., & Narciss, S. (2021). When is knowledge of performance (KP) superior to knowledge of results (KR) in promoting motor skill learning? A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1986849
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orangi, B. M., Yaali, R., Bahram, A., Van der Kamp, J., & Aghdasi, M. T. (2021). The effects of linear, nonlinear, and differential motor learning methods on the emergence of creative action in individual soccer players. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 56, 102009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. A. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9(3), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pereira, J., Araújo, R., Farias, C., Bessa, C., & Mesquita, I. (2016). Sport education and direct instruction units: Comparison of student knowledge development in athletics. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 15(4), 569–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinder, R. A., Davids, K., Renshaw, I., & Araújo, D. (2011). Representative learning design and functionality of research and practice in sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poolton, J. M., Masters, R. S. W., & Maxwell, J. P. (2007). The development of a culturally appropriate analogy for implicit motor learning in a Chinese population. The Sport Psychologist, 21(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.4.375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Práxedes, A., Moreno, A., Sevil, J., García-González, L., & Del Villar, F. (2016). A preliminary study of the effects of a comprehensive teaching program, based on questioning, to improve tactical actions in young footballers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 122(3), 742–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516649716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raiola, G., & DiDomenico, F. (2021). Approaches to motor learning: Cognitive approach versus ecological dinamyc one. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 16(3proc), S1491–S1505. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc3.65
   Google Scholar
• Renshaw, I., Araújo, D., Button, C., Chow, J. Y., Davids, K., & Moy, B. (2016). Why the constraints-led approach is not teaching games for understanding: A clarification. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21(5), 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1095870
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renshaw, I., & Chow, J. Y. (2019). A constraint-led approach to sport and physical education pedagogy. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1552676
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd, J. R., Woods, C., Correia, V., Seifert, L., & Davids, K. (2021). An ecological dynamics conceptualisation of physical ‘education’: Where we have been and where we could go next. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(3), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1886271
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, S., Maina, M., & Mokgwathi, M. (2016). Strategies for more effective demonstrations. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 87(4), 56–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2016.1142212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schack, T., & Mechsner, F. (2006). Representation of motor skills in human long-term memory. Neuroscience Letters, 391(3), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, R. A., Lee, T. D., Winstein, C., Wulf, G., & Zelaznik, H. N. (2019). Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis (6th ed.). Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Seifert, L., Araújo, D., Komar, J., & Davids, K. (2017). Understanding constraints on sport performance from the complexity sciences paradigm: An ecological dynamics framework. Human Movement Science, 56, 178–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, P., Garganta, J., Araújo, D., Davids, K., & Aguiar, P. (2013). Shared knowledge or shared affordances? Insights from an ecological dynamics approach to team coordination in sports. Sports Medicine, 43(9), 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0070-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjøberg, S. (2010). Constructivism and learning. In P. Peterson, E. Baker, & B. McGaw (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education (pp. 485–490). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.00467-X
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, M. O., Woods, C. T., Vaughan, J., & Davids, K. (2021). Towards a contemporary player learning in development framework for sports practitioners. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(5), 1214–1222. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211002335
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Summers, J. J. (1998). Has ecological psychology delivered what it has promised? In J. P. Piek (Ed.), Motor behavior and human skill: A multidisciplinary approach (pp. 385–402). Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Sutton, J. (2013). Skill and collaboration in the evolution of human cognition. Biological Theory, 8(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13752-013-0097-z
   Google Scholar
• Tan, C. W. K., Chow, J. Y., & Davids, K. (2012). ‘How does TGfU work?’: Examining the relationship between learning design in TGfU and a nonlinear pedagogy. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 17(4), 331–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2011.582486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R. D., Carson, H. J., & Collins, D. (2018). The impact of siblings during talent development: A longitudinal examination in sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 30(3), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2017.1384938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tremblay, M., & Lloyd, M. (2010). Physical literacy measurement: The missing piece. Physical & Health Education Journal, 76(1), 26–30.
   Google Scholar
• Vickers, J. N., Reeves, M. A., Chambers, K. L., & Martell, S. T. (2004). Decision training: Bridging cognition and motor learning into the profession of coaching. In A. M. Williams & N. J. Hodges (Eds.), Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice (pp. 103–120). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent-Morin, M., & Lafont, L. (2005). Learning-method choices and personal characteristics in solving a physical education problem. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 24(3), 226–242. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.24.3.226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehead, B. A. (1981). James J. Gibson: The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979, 332 pp. Behavioral Science, 26(3), 308–309. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830260313
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (2005). Practice, instruction and skill acquisition in soccer: Challenging tradition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 637–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, A. M., Ward, P., & Chapman, C. (2003). Training perceptual skill in field hockey: Is there transfer from the laboratory to the field? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(1), 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609068
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Withagen, R., De Poel, H. J., Araújo, D., & Pepping, G. J. (2012). Affordances can invite behavior: Reconsidering the relationship between affordances and agency. New Ideas in Psychology, 30(2), 250–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolpert, D. M., Doya, K., Kawato, M., Frith, C. D., & Wolpert, D. M. (2003). A unifying computational framework for motor control and social interaction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 358(1431), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf, G., & Schmidt, R. A. (1988). Variability in practice: Facilitation in retention and transfer through schema formation or context effects? Journal of Motor Behavior, 20(2), 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.1988.10735438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman, B. J., & Moylan, A. R. (2009). Self-regulation: Where metacognition and motivation intersect. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.), Handbook of metacognition in education (pp. 299–315). Routledge.
   Google Scholar