814
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Imagery of ritual actions in religious dreaming: steps toward a theory and method of the cognition of dreamt ritual interaction

ORCID Icon

References

  • Antrobus, J. S. 1977. “The Dream as Metaphor: An Information-Processing and Learning Model.” Journal of Mental Imagery 1 (2): 327–337.
  • Atran, S. 2002. In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion (Evolution and Cognition). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Atran, S. 2011. Talking to the Enemy: Violent Extremism, Sacred Values, and What it Means to be Human. London: Penguin.
  • Barrett, J. L. 2004. Why Would Anyone Believe in god. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.
  • Barrett, J. L. 2007. “Cognitive Science of Religion: What Is It and Why Is It?” Religion Compass 1: 768–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2007.00042.x.
  • Barrett, J. L. 2017. “Could we Advance the Science of Religion (Better) Without the Concept ‘Religion’?” Religion, Brain & Behavior 7 (4): 282–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2016.1249926.
  • Bell, C. 1992. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bell, C. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bicchieri, C. 2005. The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616037.
  • Blagrove, M., C. Edwards, E. van Rijn, A. Reid, J. Malinowski, P. Bennett, and P. Ruby. 2019. “Insight from the Consideration of REM Dreams, Non-REM Dreams, and Daydreams.” Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 6 (2): 138–162. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000167.
  • Blagrove, M., S. Hale, J. Lockheart, M. Carr, A. Jones, and K. Valli. 2019. “Testing the Empathy Theory of Dreaming: The Relationships Between Dream Sharing and Trait and State Empathy.” Frontiers in Psychology 10: 1351. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01351.
  • Bloch, M. 1974. “Symbols, Song, Dance and Features of Articulation Is Religion an Extreme Form of Traditional Authority?” European Journal of Sociology 15 (1): 54–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600002824.
  • Bloch, M. 2004. “Ritual and Deference.” In Ritual and Memory: Toward a Comparative Anthropology of Religion (Cognitive Science of Religion Series), edited by H. Whitehouse and J. Laidlaw, 65–87. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.
  • Bloch, M. 2008. Why Religion is Nothing Special But is Central. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363, 2055–2061. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0007.
  • Bourguignon, E. 1972. “Dreams and Altered States of Consciousness in Anthropological Research.” In Psychological Anthropology, edited by F. L. K. Hsu, 403–434. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman.
  • Bourguignon, E., and T. L. Evascu. 1977. “Altered States of Consciousness Within a General Evolutionary Perspective: A Holocultural Analysis.” Behavior Science Research 12 (3): 197–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/106939717701200303.
  • Boyer, P. 2001. Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought. New York: Basic Books.
  • Boyer, P. 2005. “A Reductionistic Model of Distinct Modes of Religious Transmission.” In Mind and Religion: Psychological and Cognitive Foundations of Religiosity, edited by H. Whitehouse and R. N. McCauley, 3–27. Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.
  • Boyer, P. 2009. “Cognitive Predispositions and Cultural Transmission.” In Memory in Mind and Culture, edited by P. Boyer and J. V. Wertsch, 288–319. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Boyer, P. 2013. “Explaining Religious Concepts. Lévi-Strauss the Brilliant and Problematic Ancestor.” In Mental Culture, Classical Social Theory and the Cognitive Science of Religion, edited by D. Xygalatas and L. McCorkle, 164–175. Durham: Acumen.
  • Boyer, P., and B. Bergstrom. 2011. “Threat-Detection in Child Development: An Evolutionary Perspective.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 35 (4): 1034–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.010.
  • Boyer, P., R. Firat, and F. van Leeuwen. 2015. “Safety, Threat, and Stress in Intergroup Relations: A Coalitional Index Model.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 10 (4): 434–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615583133.
  • Boyer, P., and P. Liénard. 2006. “Why Ritualized Behavior? Precaution Systems and Action Parsing in Developmental, Pathological and Cultural Rituals.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (6): 595–613. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X06009332.
  • Boyer, P., and P. Liénard. 2020. “Ingredients of ‘Rituals’ and Their Cognitive Underpinnings.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375: 20190439. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0439.
  • Brereton, D. P. 2000. “Dreaming, Adaptation, and Consciousness. The Social Mapping Hypothesis.” Ethos) 28 (3): 379–409. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.2000.28.3.379.
  • Bucci, A., and M. Grasso. 2017. “Sleep and Dreaming in the Predictive Processing Framework.” https://doi.org/10.15502/9783958573079.
  • Bulkeley, K. 1997. An Introduction to the Psychology of Dreaming. Westport: Praeger.
  • Bulkeley, K. 2007. “Sacred Sleep: Scientific Contributions to the Study of Religious Dreaming.” In The New Science of Dreaming: Volume 3, Cultural and Theoretical Perspectives, edited by D. Barrett and P. McNamara, 71–94. Westport: Praeger.
  • Bulkeley, K. 2008. Dreaming in the World’s Religions – A Comparative History. New York: New York University Press.
  • Buss, D. 2021. When Men Behave Badly: The Hidden Roots of Sexual Deception, Harassment, and Assault. New York: Little, Brown Spark
  • Cantor, C. 2009. “Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Evolutionary Perspectives.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 43 (11): 1038–1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670903270407.
  • Cheyne, J. A., S. D. Rueffer, and I. R. Newby-Clark. 1999. “Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations During Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare.” Consciousness and Cognition 8 (3): 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1006/ccog.1999.0404.
  • Chwe, M. 2001. Rational Ritual: Culture, Coordination, and Common Knowledge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Claidière, N., and D. Sperber. 2007. “The Role of Attraction in Cultural Evolution.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 7 (1-2): 89–111. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853707X171829.
  • Dahlitz, M., and J. D. Parkes. 1993. “Sleep Paralysis.” The Lancet 341 (8842): 406–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)92992-3.
  • D’Andrade, R. G. 1961. “Anthropological Studies of Dreams.” In Psychological Anthropology: Approaches to Culture and Personality, edited by F. L. Hsu, 298–332. Homewood: Dorsey Press.
  • Del Giudice, M. 2018. Evolutionary Psychopathology: A Unified Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • De Sá, J., and S. Mota-Rolim. 2016. “Sleep Paralysis in Brazilian Folklore and Other Cultures: A Brief Review.” Frontiers in Psychology 7: 1294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01294.
  • Domhoff, W. G. 1996. Finding Meaning in Dreams – A Quantitative Approach. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Domhoff, G. W. 2007. “Realistic Simulation and Bizarreness in Dream Content: Past Findings and Suggestions for Future Research.” In The New Science of Dreaming, edited by D. Barrett and P. McNamara, 1–27. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Domhoff, G. W., and A. Schneider. 2018. “Are Dreams Social Simulations? Or Are They Enactments of Conceptions and Personal Concerns? An Empirical and Theoretical Comparison of Two Dream Theories.” Dreaming 28 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/drm0000080.
  • Doniger, W., and K. Bulkley. 1993. “Why Study Dreams? A Religious Studies Perspective.” Dreaming 3 (1): 69. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0094372.
  • Douglas, M. (1984) 1966. Purity and Danger an Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Ark Paperbacks.
  • Dulaney, S., and A. Fiske. 1994. “Cultural Rituals and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Is There a Common Psychological Mechanism?” Ethos (berkeley, Calif ) 22 (3): 243–283.
  • Durkheim, É. (1912) 1995. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Translated by K. Fields. New York: Free Press.
  • Eck, D. 1985. Darsan: Seeing the Divine Image in India. Chambersburg, PA: Anima Books.
  • Edwards, C., J. Malinowski, S. McGee, P. Bennett, P. Ruby, and M. Blagrove. 2015. “Comparing Personal Insight Gains due to Consideration of a Recent Dream and Consideration of a Recent Event Using the Ullman and Schredl Dream Group Methods.” Frontiers in Psychology 6: 831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00831.
  • Fiske, A., and N. Haslam. 1997. “Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder a Pathology of the Human Disposition to Perform Socially Meaningful Rituals? Evidence of Similar Content.” The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 185 (4): 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199704000-00001.
  • Foulkes, D. 1985. Dreaming: A Cognitive-Psychological Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Frazer, J. (1922) 1963. The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. London.: Macmillan.
  • Freud, S. 1913. The Interpretation of Dreams. Translate by A. Brill. London, New York: G. Allen & Unwin, Macmillan.
  • Frøkjær Sørensen, J. 2021. “Cognitive Underpinnings of Divinatory Practices.” In Theoretical and Empirical Investigations of Divination and Magic Manipulating the Divine, edited by F. K. Frøkjær Sørensen and A. Klostergaard Petersen, 124–150. Leiden: Brill.
  • Geertz, C. (1973) 1993. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New ed. London: Fontana.
  • Gell, A. 1998. Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford.: Clarendon Press.
  • Gellner, D. 1992. Monk, Householder, and Tantric Priest: Newar Buddhism and its Hierarchy of Ritual. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press.
  • Göckeritz, S., M. F. H. Schmidt, and M. Tomasello. 2014. “Young Children’s Creation and Transmission of Social Norms.” Cognitive Development 30: 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2014.01.003.
  • Grimes, R. 1996. Readings in Ritual Studies. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Grimes, R. 2006. Rite out of Place. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Grimes, R. 2013. The Craft of Ritual Studies (Oxford Ritual Studies). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hall, C. S., and R. L. Van de Castle. 1966. The Content Analysis of Dreams. New York: Appleton-Century-Croft.
  • Henrich, J., S. J. Heine, and A. Norenzayan. 2010. “The Weirdest People in the World?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33 (2-3): 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X.
  • Hinton, D., D. Hufford, and L. Kirmayer. 2005. “Culture and Sleep Paralysis.” Transcultural Psychiatry 42 (1): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461505050708.
  • Hobson, J. A. 1994. The Chemistry of Conscious States. Boston: Little Brown.
  • Hobson, J. A. 2009. “REM Sleep and Dreaming: Towards a Theory of Protoconsciousness.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10 (11): 803–813. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2716.
  • Hobson, J. A., and K. J. Friston. 2012. “Waking and Dreaming Consciousness: Neurobiological and Functional Considerations.” Progress in Neurobiology 98 (1): 82–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.003.
  • Hoogeveen, S., Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, A. C. Kay, and M. Van Elk. 2018. “Compensatory Control and Religious Beliefs: A Registered Replication Report Across two Countries.” Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology 3 (3): 240–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2019.1684821.
  • Hornsey, M. J. 2008. “Social Identity Theory and Self-Categorization Theory: A Historical Review.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2: 204–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00066.x.
  • Hughes, J. D. 2000. “Dream Interpretation in Ancient Civilizations.” Dreaming 10 (1): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009447606158.
  • Humphrey, N. 2000. “Dreaming as Play.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (6): 953. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00504026.
  • Humphrey, C., and J. Laidlaw. 1994. The Archetypal Actions of Ritual: A Theory of Ritual Illustrated by the Jain Rite of Worship (Oxford Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Jedrej, M. C., and R. Shaw. 1992. Dreaming, Religion and Society in Africa. Leiden: Brill.
  • Kahn, D., and J. A. Hobson. 2005. “Theory of Mind in Dreaming: Awareness of Feelings and Thoughts of Others in Dreams.” Dreaming 15 (1): 48–57. https://doi.org/10.1037/1053-0797.15.1.48.
  • Kay, A. C., D. Gaucher, I. McGregor, and K. Nash. 2010. “Religious Belief as Compensatory Control.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14 (1): 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309353750.
  • Kreinath, J., C. Hartung, and A. Deschner. 2004. The Dynamics of Changing Rituals: The Transformation of Religious Rituals Within Their Social and Cultural Context (Toronto Studies in Religion, 29). New York: P. Lang.
  • Kuper, H. 1947. An African Aristocracy: Rank among the Swazi of Bechuanaland. London: Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford University Press.
  • Lakoff, G. 1993. “How Metaphor Structures Dreams: The Theory of Conceptual Metaphor Applied to Dream Analysis.” Dreaming 3 (2): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0094373.
  • Lang, M., Krátký, J., & Xygalatas, D. 2020. The Role of Ritual Behaviour in Anxiety Reduction: An Investigation of Marathi Religious Practices in Mauritius. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 375(1805), 20190431. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0431.
  • Laughlin, C. D. 2011. “Communing with the Gods: The Dreaming Brain in Cross-Cultural Perspective.” Time and Mind 4 (2): 155–188. https://doi.org/10.2752/175169711X12961583765252.
  • Laughlin, C. D. 2011. “Communing with the Gods: The Dreaming Brain in Cross-Cultural Perspective.” Time and Mind 4 (2): 155–188.
  • Laughlin, C. D., J. McManus, and E. G. d’Aquili. 1990. Brain, Symbol and Experience: Toward a Neurophenomenology of Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Lawson, E. T., and R. N. McCauley. 1990. Rethinking Religion: Connecting Culture and Cognition. Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Legare, C., and P. Herrmann. 2013. “Cognitive Consequences and Constraints on Reasoning About Ritual.” Religion, Brain & Behavior 3 (1): 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2012.736710.
  • Legare, C. H., and A. L. Souza. 2014. “Searching for Control: Priming Randomness Increases the Evaluation of Ritual Efficacy.” Cognitive Science 38 (1): 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12077.
  • Legare, C. H., and N. Wen. 2014. “The Effects of Ritual on the Development of Social Group Cognition.” International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development 2 (66): 9–12.
  • Levy, R. I. 1984. “The Emotions in Comparative Perspective.” In Approaches to Emotion, edited by K. R. Scherer and P. Ekman, 397–412. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Liénard, P., and P. Boyer. 2006. “Whence Collective Rituals? A Cultural Selection Model of Ritualized Behavior.” American Anthropologist 108 (4): 814–827. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.4.814.
  • Lincoln, J. S. 1935. The Dream in Primitive Cultures. Oxford: Cresset Press.
  • Llewellyn, S. 2013. “Such Stuff as Dreams are Made on? Elaborative Encoding, the Ancient art of Memory, and the Hippocampus.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (6): 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12003135.
  • Llewellyn, S. 2016. “Dream to Predict? REM Dreaming as Prospective Coding.” Frontiers in Psychology 6: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01961.
  • Llinás, R. R., and D. Paré. 1991. “Of Dreaming and Wakefulness.” Neuroscience 44 (3): 521–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(91)90075-Y.
  • Locke, R. G., and E. F. Kelly. 1985. “A Preliminary Model for the Cross-Cultural Analysis of Altered States of Consciousness.” Ethos (berkeley, Calif ) 13: 3–55. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1985.13.1.02a00010.
  • Lohmann, R. I. 2003. “Introduction.” In Dream Travelers: Sleep Experiences and Culture in the Western Pacific, edited by R. I. Lohmann, 1–18. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Mahowald, M. W., M. Cramer Bornemann, and C. Schenck. 2011. “State Dissociation, Human Behavior, and Consciousness.” Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 11 (19): 2392–2402. https://doi.org/10.2174/156802611797470277.
  • Malley, B. 2019. “How are Rituals Thought to Work?” In The Cognitive Science of Religion: A Methodological Introduction to Key Empirical Studies (Scientific Studies of Religion: Inquiry and Explanation), edited by D. J. Slone and W. W. McCorkle, 211–228. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Malley, B., and J. Barrett. 2003. “Can Ritual Form be Predicted from Religious Beliefs? A Test of the Lawson-McCauley Hypotheses.” Journal of Ritual Studies 17: 1–14.
  • Marx, B., J. Forsyth, G. Gallup, T. Fuse, and J. Lexington. 2008. “Tonic Immobility as an Evolved Predator Defense: Implications for Sexual Assault Survivors.” Clinical Psychology 15 (1): 74–90.
  • Mauss, M. 1972. A General Theory of Magic. London.: Routledge.
  • McCauley, R. N., and E. T. Lawson. 2002. Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms. Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press.
  • McNamara, P. 1996. “REM Sleep: A Social Bonding Mechanism.” New Ideas in Psychology 14 (1): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0732-118X(95)00023-A.
  • McNamara, P. 2004. An Evolutionary Psychology of Sleep and Dreams. Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • McNamara, P. 2009. The Neuroscience of Religious Experience. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • McNamara, P. 2016. Dreams and Visions: How Religious Ideas Emerge in Sleep and Dreams. Santa Barbara: Praeger/ABC-CLIO.
  • McNamara, P., J. Andresen, J. Arrowood, and G. Messer. 2002. “Counterfactual Cognitive Operations in Dreams.” Dreaming 12 (3): 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020181607842.
  • McNamara, P., and K. Bulkeley. 2015. “Dreams as a Source of Supernatural Agent Concepts.” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (283): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00283.
  • McNamara, P., D. McLaren, S. Kowalczyk, and E. Pace-Schott. 2007. “'Theory of Mind' in REM and NREM dreams.” In The New Science of Dreaming, edited by D. Barrett and P. McNamara, 201–220. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • McNamara, P., D. McLaren, D. Smith, A. Brown, and R. Stickgold. 2005. “A “Jekyll and Hyde” Within: Aggressive Versus Friendly Interactions in REM and Non-REM dreams.” Psychological Science 16 (2): 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00793.x.
  • McNamara, P., Minsky, A., Pae, V., & Gusev, A. 2015. Cognitive Phenomenology of Religious Experience in Religious Narratives, Dreams, and Nightmares. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 37(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341311.
  • McNamara, P., B. Teed, V. Pae, A. Sebastian, and C. Chukwumerije. 2018. “Supernatural Agent Cognitions in Dreams.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 18 (3-4): 428–450. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340038.
  • Meyer, S., and C. Shore. 2001. “Children’s Understanding of Dreams as Mental States.” Dreaming 11: 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012288223591.
  • Needham, R. 1975. “Polythetic Classification: Convergence and Consequences.” Man 10 (3): 349–369. https://doi.org/10.2307/2799807.
  • Nemoroff, C., and P. Rozin. 2000. “The Makings of the Magical Mind: The Nature and Function of Sympathetic Magical Thinking.” In Imagining the Impossible: Magical, Scientific, and Religious Thinking in Children, edited by K. Rosengren, C. Johnson, and P. Harris, 1–33. Cambridge.: Cambridge University Press.
  • Nielsen, T. A., and A. Germain. 2000. “Post-traumatic nightmares as dysfunctional state.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (6): 978–979. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0070402X.
  • Nordin, A. 2009. “Ritual Agency, Substance Transfer and the Making of Supernatural Immediacy in Pilgrim Journeys.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 9 (3-4): 195–223. https://doi.org/10.1163/156770909X12489459066228.
  • Nordin, A. 2011a. “Dreaming in Religion and Pilgrimage: Cognitive, Evolutionary, and Cultural Perspectives.” Religion 41 (2): 225–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2011.553141.
  • Nordin, A. 2011b. “The Cognition of Hardship Experience in Himalayan Pilgrimage.” Numen 58 (5-6): 632–673. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852711X593287.
  • Nordin, A. 2020. “Counterintuitive Supernaturalism as a Building Block of Religious Dream Imagery.” In Building Blocks of Religion: Critical Applications and Future Prospects, edited by G. Larsson, J. Svensson, and A. Nordin, 55–70. Equinox: Sheffield.
  • Nordin, A. 2023. “Gauging Oneiromancy-the Cognition of Dream Content and Cultural Transmission of (Supernatural) Divination.” Religion, Brain & Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2023.2172068.
  • Nordin, A., and P. Bjälkebring. 2019. “Measuring Counterintuitiveness in Supernatural Agent Dream Imagery.” Frontiers in Psychology 10: 1728. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01728.
  • Nordin, A., and P. Bjälkebring. 2021. “The Counterintuitiveness of Supernatural Dreams and Religiosity.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 21 (3-4): 309–330. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340114.
  • Patton, K. C. 2004. “'A Great and Strange Correction': Intentionality, Locality, and Epiphany in the Category of Dream Incubation.” History of Religions 43: 194–223. https://doi.org/10.1086/423399.
  • Pietraszewski, D. 2016. “How the Mind Sees Coalitional and Group Conflict: The Evolutionary Invariances of n-Person Conflict Dynamics.” Evolution and Human Behavior 37 (6): 470–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.04.006.
  • Quinn, N. 1992. “The Motivational Force of Self-Understanding: Evidence from Wives’ Inner Conflicts.” In Human Motives and Cultural Models, edited by R. G. D'Andrade and C. Strauss, 90–126. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166515.006.
  • Rakoczy, H., and M. F. H. Schmidt. 2013. “The Early Ontogeny of Social Norms.” Child Development Perspectives 7 (1): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12010.
  • Rappaport, R. A. 1979. Ecology Meaning and Religion. Richmond, Calif: North Atlantic Books.
  • Reddish, P., E. Tong, J. Jong, J. Lanman, and H. Whitehouse. 2016. “Collective Synchrony Increases Prosociality Towards non-Performers and Outgroup Members.” British Journal of Social Psychology 55 (4): 722–738. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12165.
  • Revonsuo, A. 1995. “Consciousness, Dreams and Virtual Realities.” Philosophical Psychology 8 (1): 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089508573144.
  • Revonsuo, A. 2000. “The Reinterpretation of Dreams: An Evolutionary Hypothesis of the Function of Dreaming.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (6): 877–901. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00004015.
  • Revonsuo, A. 2006. Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon. Cambridge: Mit Press.
  • Revonsuo, A., J. Tuominen, and K. Valli. 2016. “The Avatars in the Machine: Dreaming as a Simulation of Social Reality.” In Open MIND, edited by T. Metzinger and J. M. Windt, 1295–1322. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Schank, R. C., and R. P. Abelson. 1977. Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding: An Inquiry Into Human Knowledge Structures. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Schredl, M., and F. Hofmann. 2003. “Continuity Between Waking Activities and Dream Activities.” Consciousness and Cognition 12 (2): 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00072-7.
  • Scott-Phillips, T., S. Blancke, and C. Heintz. 2018. “Four Misunderstandings About Cultural Attraction.” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 27 (4): 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21716.
  • Sharpless, B. A., and K. Doghramji. 2015. Sleep Paralysis – Historical, Psychological and Medical Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Siegal, M., L. Surian, C. J. Nemeroff, and C. C. Peterson. 2001. “Lies, Mistakes, and Blessings: Defining and Characteristic Features in Conceptual Development.” Journal of Cognition and Culture 1: 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853701753678314.
  • Solms, M. 1997. The Neuropsychology of Dreams: A Clinico-Anatomical Study. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Sørensen, J. 2005. “Religion in Mind: A Review Article of the Cognitive Science of Religion.” Numen 52: 465–494. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852705775219974.
  • Sørensen, J. 2007. “Acts That Work: A Cognitive Approach to Ritual Agency.” Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 19 (3-4): 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1163/157006807794757502.
  • Sørensen, J., and K. L. Nielbo. 2019. “How do Humans Process Ritualized Actions?” In The Cognitive Science of Religion: A Methodological Introduction to Key Empirical Studies (Scientific Studies of Religion: Inquiry and Explanation, edited by D. J. Slone and W. W. McCorkle, 229–238. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Retrieved August 24, 2022, from https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350033726.ch-022.
  • Sosis, R. 2006. “Religious Behaviors, Badges, and Bans: Signaling Theory and the Evolution of Religion.” In Where God and Science Meet: How Brain and Evolutionary Studies Alter our Understanding of Religion (Vol. 1): Evolution, Genes, and the Religious Brain, edited by P. McNamara, 77–102. Westport: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Sperber, D. 1975. Rethinking Symbolism. Translated by A. Morton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sperber, D. 2018. “Cutting Culture at the Joints?” Religion, Brain & Behavior 8: 447–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2017.1323783.
  • Sperber, D., and L. Hirschfeld. 2004. “The Cognitive Foundations of Cultural Stability and Diversity.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8 (1): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.002.
  • Staal, F. 1979. “Ritual Syntax.” In Sanskrit and Indian Studies: Essays in Honour of Daniel HH Ingalls, 119–142. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Szechtman, H., and E. Woody. 2004. “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as a Disturbance of Security Motivation.” Psychological Review 111 (1): 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.111.
  • Szpunar, K. K. 2010. “Episodic future thought: An emerging concept.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 5 (2): 142–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610362350.
  • Tart, C. T. 1987. “The World Simulation Process in Waking and Dreaming: A Systems Analysis of Structure.” Journal of Mental Imagery 11 (2): 145–157.
  • Taves, A. 2011. Religious Experience Reconsidered: A Building-Block Approach to The study of Religion and Other Special Things. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Tedlock, B. 1987. Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Interpretations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tuominen, J., A. Revonsuo, and K. Valli. 2019. “Social Simulation Theory.” In Dreams: Understanding Biology, Psychology and Culture, edited by K. Valli and R. Hoss, 132–137. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood ABC-CLIO.
  • Tuominen, J., T. Stenberg, A. Revonsuo, and K. Valli. 2019. “Social Contents in Dreams: An Empirical Test of the Social Simulation Theory.” Consciousness and Cognition 69: 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.01.017.
  • Tuominen, J., and K. Valli. 2019. “Predictive Coding and Protoconsciousness.” In Dreams:Understanding Biology, Psychology and Culture. Vol. 1, edited by K. Valli and R. Hoss, 122–125. Greenwood ABC-CLIO.
  • Türcke, C. 2013. Philosophy of Dreams. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Turner, V. 1967. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Tylor, E. B. 1871. Primitive Culture: Researches Into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, art and Custom. London.: John Murray.
  • Valli, K., and A. Revonsuo. 2009. “The Threat Simulation Theory in Light of Recent Empirical Evidence: A Review.” The American Journal of Psychology 122 (1): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/27784372.
  • Walker, M. 2017. Why we Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Wamsley, E. J. 2022. “Constructive Episodic Simulation in Dreams.” PLoS One 17 (3): e0264574. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264574.
  • Watson-Jones, R. E., and C. H. Legare. 2016. “The Social Functions of Group Rituals.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 25 (1): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721415618486.
  • Whitehouse, H. 2022. The Ritual Animal: Imitation and Cohesion in the Evolution of Social Complexity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Incorporated.
  • Whitehouse, H., and J. Lanman. 2014. “The Ties That Bind Us.” Current Anthropology 55 (6): 674–695. https://doi.org/10.1086/678698
  • Windt, J. M. 2010. “The Immersive Spatiotemporal Hallucination Model of Dreaming.” Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 9: 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-010-9163-1.
  • Windt, J. M. 2015. Dreaming: A Conceptual Framework for Philosophy of Mind and Empirical Research. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Xygalatas, D. 2022. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. London: Savedash Enterprises, Ltd.
  • Yamagishi, T., and N. Mifune. 2009. “Social Exchange and Solidarity: In-Group Love or out-Group Hate?” Evolution and Human Behavior 30 (4): 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.02.004.
  • Young, S. 1999. “Dream Practices in Medieval Tibet.” Dreaming 9: 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021364909895.
  • Zander, T., M. Öllinger, and K. G. Volz. 2016. “Intuition and Insight: Two Processes That Build on Each Other or Fundamentally Differ?” Frontiers in Psychology 7: 1395. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01395.