90
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Saffron stigma extract and crocin play an important neuroprotective role in therapeutic measures against benzo[a]pyrene-induced behavioral alterations in zebrafish

, , &
Pages 131-142 | Received 15 Jun 2023, Accepted 01 Aug 2023, Published online: 30 Aug 2023

References

  • Aparna, S., and Patri, M., 2021. Benzo [a] pyrene exposure and overcrowding stress impacts anxiety‐like behavior and impairs learning and memory in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. Environmental Toxicology, 36 (3), 352–361.
  • Ashafaq, M., et al., 2012. S-allyl cysteine mitigates oxidative damage and improves neurologic deficit in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Nutrition Research, 32 (2), 133–143.
  • Assimopoulou, A.N., Sinakos, Z., and Papageorgiou, V., 2005. Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents. Phytotherapy Research, 19 (11), 997–1000.
  • Baba, S. A., and Ashraf, N., 2016. Apocarotenoids of Crocus sativus L: From biosynthesis to pharmacology. Singapore: Springer Singapore.
  • Baba, S.A., et al., 2015. Overexpression of Crocus carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, CsCCD4b, in Arabidopsis imparts tolerance to dehydration, salt and oxidative stresses by modulating ROS machinery. Journal of Plant Physiology, 189, 114–125.
  • Baba, S.A., et al., 2015. Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of different tissue types of Crocus sativus and oxidative stress alleviating potential of saffron extract in plants, bacteria, and yeast. South African Journal of Botany, 99, 80–87.
  • Baitharu, I., et al., 2012. Corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone ameliorates chronic hypobaric hypoxia induced memory impairment in rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 228 (1), 53–65.
  • Bakshi, R.A., et al., 2022. Bioactive constituents of saffron plant: extraction, encapsulation and their food and pharmaceutical applications. Applied Food Research, 2 (1), 100076.
  • Bukhari, S.I., Manzoor, M., and Dhar, M.K., 2018. A comprehensive review of the pharmacological potential of Crocus sativus and its bioactive apocarotenoids. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 98, 733–745.
  • Bukowska, B., and Duchnowicz, P., 2022. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Selected Substances Involved in the Reduction of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules, 27 (4), 1379.
  • Bukowska, B., Mokra, K., and Michałowicz, J., 2022. Benzo[a]pyrene-environmental occurrence, human exposure, and mechanisms of toxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (11), 6348.
  • Campos, A.C., et al., 2013. Animal models of anxiety disorders and stress. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 35 (suppl 2), S101–S111.
  • Ceremuga, T.E., and Ayala, M.P., 2018. Investigation of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of crocin, a compound from saffron (Crocus sativus L), in the male sprague-dawley rat. AANA Journal, 86 (3), 225–233.
  • Chaoul, V., et al., 2022. Saffron extract attenuates anxiogenic effect and improves cognitive behavior in an adult zebrafish model of traumatic brain injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (19), 11600.
  • Chen, Y., et al., 2008. Antioxidant potential of crocins and ethanol extracts of Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS and Crocus sativus L.: a relationship investigation between antioxidant activity and crocin contents. Food Chemistry, 109 (3), 484–492.
  • Crocq, M.A., 2015. A history of anxiety: from Hippocrates to DSM. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17 (3), 319–325.
  • Das, S.K., Patel, B., and Patri, M., 2016. Neurotoxic effect of benzo [a] pyrene and its possible association with 6-hydroxydopamine induced neurobehavioral changes during early adolescence period in rats. Journal of Toxicology, 2016, 1–7.
  • Del-Angel, D.S., et al., 2006. Saffron extract ameliorates oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat brain. In: II International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology, 739, 359–366.
  • El-Missiry, M.A., 1999. Enhanced testicular antioxidant system by ascorbic acid in alloxan diabetic rats. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 124 (3), 233–237.
  • Etkin, A., et al., 2010. Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167 (5), 545–554.
  • Farokhnia, M., et al., 2014. Comparing the efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. with memantine in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease: a double‐blind randomized clinical trial. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 29 (4), 351–359.
  • Fischer, R., and Maier, O., 2015. Interrelation of oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease: role of TNF. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2015, 1–18.
  • Gao, D., et al., 2015. Chronic exposure to low benzo[a]pyrene level causes neurodegenerative disease-like syndromes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic Toxicology, 167, 200–208.
  • Guo, B., et al., 2021. Acute benzo[a]pyrene exposure induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and epigenetic change in blood clam Tegillarca granosa. Scientific Reports, 11 (1), 18744.
  • Herbstman, J.B., et al., 2012. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts, and genomic DNA methylation in cord blood. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120 (5), 733–738.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., and Younesi, H.M., 2002. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Crocus sativus L. Stigma and Petal Extracts in Mice. BMC Pharmacology, 2, 1–8.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., and Ziaei, T., 2006. Effects of Crocus sativus stigma extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, on intact memory and scopolamine-induced learning deficits in rats performing the Morris water maze task. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 5 (19), 40–50.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., et al., 2012. Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its ­active constituent, crocin, on recognition and spatial memory after ­chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Phytotherapy Research, 26 (3), 381–386.
  • Hur, J.Y., et al., 2004. (−)-3,5-Dicaffeoyl-muco-quinic acid isolated from Aster scaber contributes to the differentiation of PC12 cells: through tyrosine kinase cascade signaling. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 313 (4), 948–953.
  • Iranshahi, M., et al., 2011. Protective effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron stigma and petal on liver toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 203–212.
  • Kabiri, M., Rezadoost, H., and Ghassempour, A., 2017. A comparative quality study of saffron constituents through HPLC and HPTLC methods followed by isolation of crocins and picrocrocin. LWT, 84, 1–9.
  • Kakouri, E., et al., 2020. Crocins from Crocus sativus L. in the management of hyperglycemia in vivo evidence from zebrafish. Molecules, 25 (22), 5223.
  • Knecht, A.L., et al., 2017. Developmental benzo [a] pyrene (B [a] P) exposure impacts larval behavior and impairs adult learning in zebrafish. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 59, 27–34.
  • Lage, M., and Cantrell, C.L., 2009. Quantification of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) metabolites crocins, picrocrocin and safranal for quality determination of the spice grown under different environmental Moroccan conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 121 (3), 366–373.
  • Loh, K.P., et al., 2010. Leonurine protects middle cerebral artery occluded rats through antioxidant effect and regulation of mitochondrial function. Stroke, 41 (11), 2661–2668.
  • Magesh, V., et al., 2006. Antitumour activity of crocetin in accordance to tumor incidence, antioxidant status, drug metabolizing enzymes and histopathological studies. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 287 (1-2), 127–135.
  • Magesh, V., et al., 2009. In vivo protective effect of crocetin on benzo (a) pyrene‐induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice. Phytotherapy Research, 23 (4), 533–539.
  • MIR, J. I., Qadri, R. A., and Ahmed, N., 2013. Clonal identification and molecular characterization of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) clones. Doctoral dissertation. University of Kashmir.
  • Modabbernia, A., and Akhondzadeh, S., 2013. Saffron, passionflower, valerian and sage for mental health. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36 (1), 85–91.
  • Mohanty, R., Das, S.K., and Patri, M., 2017. Modulation of benzo [a] pyrene induced anxiolytic-like behavior by retinoic acid in zebrafish: involvement of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Neurotoxicity Research, 31 (4), 493–504.
  • Mohanty, R., et al., 2016. Withania somnifera leaf extract ameliorates benzo [a] pyrene-induced behavioral and neuro-morphological alterations by improving brain antioxidant status in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish, 13 (3), 188–196.
  • Nandi, A., et al., 2019. Role of catalase in oxidative stress-and age-associated degenerative diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 1–19.
  • OECD. 2013. Fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test. Test guideline no 236. Guidelines for the testing of chemicals, 2, 1–22
  • Papandreou, M.A., et al., 2006. Inhibitory activity on amyloid-beta aggregation and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract and its crocin constituents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54 (23), 8762–8768.
  • Patel, B., et al., 2016. Neonatal exposure to benzo [a] pyrene induces oxidative stress causing altered hippocampal cyto-morphometry and behavior during early adolescence period of male Wistar rats. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 50 (1), 7–15.
  • Paul, C.A., Beltz, B., and Berger-Sweeney, J., 2008. The nissl stain: a stain for cell bodies in brain sections. CSH Protocols, 2008, pdb-prot4805.
  • Pintado, C., et al., 2011. Bactericidal effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on Salmonella enterica during storage. Food Control., 22 (3-4), 638–642.
  • Poma, A., et al., 2012. Anti-inflammatory properties of drugs from saffron crocus. Anti-Inflammatory & anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 11 (1), 37–51.
  • Rahaiee, S., et al., 2017. Nanoparticles based on crocin loaded chitosan-alginate biopolymers: Antioxidant activities, bioavailability and anticancer properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 99, 401–408.
  • Rao, S.V., et al., 2019. Prophylactic neuroprotective propensity of Crocin, a carotenoid against rotenone induced neurotoxicity in mice: behavioural and biochemical evidence. Metabolic Brain Disease, 34 (5), 1341–1353.
  • Razavi, B.M., and Hosseinzadeh, H., 2015. Saffron as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23 (1), 9.
  • Samarghandian, S., Afshari, R., and Sadati, A., 2014. Evaluation of lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxidative stress indices for assessing the preventing effects of safranal on respiratory distress in diabetic rats. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1–6.
  • Samarghandian, S., Azimi-Nezhad, M., and Farkhondeh, T., 2017. Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of saffron aqueous extract (Crocus sativus L.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Indian Heart Journal, 69 (2), 151–159.
  • Samarghandian, S., Tavakkol Afshari, J., and Davoodi, S., 2011. Suppression of pulmonary tumor promotion and induction of apoptosis by Crocus sativus L. extraction. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 164 (2), 238–247.
  • Santhosh, M.S., et al., 2013. Alleviation of viper venom induced platelet apoptosis by crocin (Crocus sativus): implications for thrombocytopenia in viper bites. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, 36 (4), 424–432.,
  • Sarfarazi, M., Jafari, S.M., and Rajabzadeh, G., 2015. Extraction optimization of saffron nutraceuticals through response surface methodology. Food Analytical Methods, 8 (9), 2273–2285.
  • Sarkar, S., et al., 2014. Low dose of arsenic trioxide triggers oxidative stress in zebrafish brain: expression of antioxidant genes. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 107, 1–8.
  • Shafiee, M., et al., 2018. Saffron in the treatment of depression, anxiety and other mental disorders: Current evidence and potential mechanisms of action. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 330–337.
  • Soto, C.P., et al., 1998. Prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in the rat by silymarin. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 119 (2), 125–129.
  • Sun, M., et al., 2009. Inhibition of nNOS reduces ischemic cell death through down-regulating calpain and caspase-3 after experimental stroke. Neurochemistry International, 54 (5-6), 339–346.
  • Tamegart, L., et al., 2019. Crocus sativus restores dopaminergic and noradrenergic damages induced by lead in Merionesshawi: A possible link with Parkinson’s disease. Acta Histochemica, 121 (2), 171–181.
  • Tietze, F., 1969. Enzymatic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione. Analytical Biochemistry, 27, 427–442.
  • Van Andel, T., and Carvalheiro, L.G., 2013. Why urban citizens in developing countries use traditional medicines: the case of Suriname. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–13.
  • Walter, M.H., and Strack, D., 2011. Carotenoids and their cleavage products: biosynthesis and functions. Natural Product Reports, 28 (4), 663–692.
  • Wang, C.J., et al., 1995. Inhibition of tumor promotion in benzo[a]pyrene-initiated CD-1 mouse skin by crocetin. Carcinogenesis, 16 (2), 187–191.
  • Wang, C.J., Shiow, S.J., and Lin, J.K., 1991. Effects of crocetin on the hepatotoxicity and hepatic DNA binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats. Carcinogenesis, 12 (3), 459–462.
  • Wang, Y., et al., 2010. Antidepressant properties of bioactive fractions from the extract of Crocus sativus L. Journal of Natural Medicines, 64 (1), 24–30.
  • Yadav, U.C.S., 2015. Oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation: role in inflammation. In: V. Rani and U. C. S. Yadav, eds. Free radicals in human health and disease. Cham: Springer, 119–129.
  • Yaribeygi, H., et al., 2019. Antidiabetic potential of saffron and its active constituents. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 234 (6), 8610–8617.
  • Zhang, M.A., et al., 2011. Elaidic acid enhanced the simultaneous neurotoxicity attributable to the cerebral pathological lesion resulted from oxidative damages induced by acrylamide and benzo (a) pyrene. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 27 (7), 661–672.
  • Zhang, W., et al., 2016. Chronic administration of benzo (a) pyrene induces memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior and increases of NR2B DNA methylation. PLoS One, 11 (2), e0149574.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.