Effect of the concentration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the rheological behavior in a lubricating oil of plant-derived lubricant

References

• Vakili-Nezhaad, G.; Dorany, A. Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube on the Viscosity of Lubricants. Energy Procedia. 2012, 14, 512–517. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.967.
   Google Scholar
• Halelfadl, S.; Estellé, P.; Aladag, B.; Doner, N.; Maré, T. Viscosity of Carbon Nanotubes Water-Based Nanofluids: Influence of Concentration and Temperature. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2013, 71, 111–117. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.04.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajaganapathy, C.; Vasudevan, D.; Murugapoopathi, S. Tribological and Rheological Properties of Palm and Brassica Oil with Inclusion of CuO and TiO2 Additives. Mater. Today: Proc. 2021, 37, 207–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.032.
   Google Scholar
• Azman, N. F.; Samion, S.; Sot, M. N. H. M. Investigation of Tribological Properties of CuO/Palm Oil Nanolubricant Using Pin-on-Disc Tribotester. Green Mater. 2018, 6, 30–37. DOI: 10.1680/jgrma.17.00026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, Y.; Garg, R.; Kumar, S. Effect of Load on Friction and Wear Characteristics of Jatropha Oil Bio-Lubricants. Biofuels. 2017, 8, 125–133. DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2016.1215065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romsdahl, T.; Shirani, A.; Minto, R. E.; Zhang, C.; Cahoon, E. B.; Chapman, K. D.; Berman, D. Nature-Guided Synthesis of Advanced Bio-Lubricants. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 1–11. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48165-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiman, Y.; Syahrullail, S. Development of Palm Oil Blended with Semi Synthetic Oil as a Lubricant Using Four-Ball Tribotester. J. Tribol. 2017, 13, 1–20.
   Google Scholar
• Yahaya, W. M. A. W.; Dandan, M. A.; Samion, S.; Musa, M. N. A Comprehensive Review on Palm Oil and the Challenges Using Vegetable Oil as Lubricant Base-Stock. J. Adv. Res. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2018, 52, 182–197.
   Google Scholar
• Masjuki, H. H.; Maleque, M. A.; Kubo, A.; Nonaka, T. Palm Oil and Mineral Oil-Based Lubricants-Their Tribological and Emission Performance. Tribol. Int. 1999, 32, 305–314. DOI: 10.1016/S0301-679X(99)00052-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaari, M. Z.; Roselina, N. N.; Kasolang, S.; Hyie, K. M.; Murad, M. C.; Bakar, M. A. A. Investigation of Tribological Properties of Palm Oil Biolubricant Modified Nanoparticles. Jurnal Teknol. 2015, 76, 69–73. DOI: 10.11113/jt.v76.5654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiong, C. I.; Azli, Y.; Abdul Kadir, M. R.; Syahrullail, S. Tribological Evaluation of Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Stearin Using Four-Ball Tribotester with Different Normal Loads. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A. 2012, 13, 633–640. DOI: 10.1631/jzus.A1200021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maleque, M. A.; Masjuki, H. H.; Haseeb, A. S. M. A. Effect of Mechanical Factors on Tribological Properties of Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blended Lubricant. Wear. 2000, 239, 117–125. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00319-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew, T. L.; Bhatia, S. Effect of Catalyst Additives on the Production of Biofuels from Palm Oil Cracking in a Transport Riser Reactor. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100, 2540–2545. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husnawan, M.; Masjuki, H. H.; Mahlia, T. M. I.; Saifullah, M. G. Thermal Analysis of Cylinder Head Carbon Deposits from Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled by Palm Oil–Diesel Fuel Emulsions. Appl. Energy. 2009, 86, 2107–2113. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.12.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L.; Xie, H.; Yu, W.; Li, Y. Rheological Behaviors of Nanofluids Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube. J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 2011, 32, 550–554. DOI: 10.1080/01932691003757223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, K. Q.; Zhang, L. C.; Zarudi, I. Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polyethylene Composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 177–182. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamshidi, N.; Farhadi, M.; Ganji, D. D.; Sedighi, K, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, Babol, I. R. of Iran, P. O. Box: 484. Experimental Investigation on the Viscosity of Nanofluids. IJE. 2012, 25, 201–210. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ije.2012.25.03b.07.
   Google Scholar
• Esfe, M. H.; Arani, A. A. A.; Esfandeh, S. Experimental Study on Rheological Behavior of Monograde Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Containing CNTs and Oxide Nanoparticles with Focus on Viscosity Analysis. J. Mol. Liq. 2018, 272, 319–329. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zvereva, E. R.; Khabibullina, R. V.; Makarova, A. O.; Akhmetvalieva, G. R.; Burganova, F. I.; Ermolaev, D. V.; Zueva, O. S. Modification of the Rheological Properties of Heavy Boiler Fuel by Adding Carbon Nanotubes and Dehydrated Carbonate Sludge. Pet. Chem. 2019, 59, 106–110. DOI: 10.1134/S0965544119010158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y.; Grulke, E. A.; Zhang, Z. G.; Wu, G. Temperature Effects on the Rheological Properties of Carbon Nanotube-in-Oil Dispersions. Colloids Surf. A. 2007, 298, 216–224. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.10.065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yetgin, S. H. Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2019, 8, 4725–4735. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.08.018.
   Google Scholar
• Cornelio, J. A. C.; Blanco, E. E.; Romero, J. L.; Rudas, J. S.; Guerrero, G. S.; Toro, A.; Hoyos-Palacio, L. M. Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT's) Functionalized with Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) by Separate Methodology. Diamond Relat. Mater. 2022, 122, 108814. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108814.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Z.; Yang, Z.; Hu, Y.; Li, J.; Fan, X. Multiple Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Carboxyl and Amino Groups. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2013, 276, 476–481. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, M. W.; Popa-Nita, S.; Shapter, J. G. Measurement of Functionalised Carbon Nanotube Carboxylic Acid Groups Using a Simple Chemical Process. Carbon. 2006, 44, 1137–1141. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.11.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ţucureanu, V.; Matei, A.; Avram, A. M. FTIR Spectroscopy for Carbon Family Study. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2016, 46, 502–520. DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1157013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, U. J.; Liu, X. M.; Furtado, C. A.; Chen, G.; Saito, R.; Jiang, J.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Eklund, P. C. Infrared-Active Vibrational Modes of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 157402. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.157402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos Cornelio, J. A.; Cuervo-Velásquez, P. A.; Ardila, M. I.; Orozco-Murillo, W.; Jaramillo-Zuluaga, L. F.; Hoyos-Palacio, L. M.; Lara-Romero, J.; Toro, A. Rheological Properties of Carbon Nanotubes as Additive in a Lubricating Fluid. Dyna. 2016, 83, 229–236. DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v83n199.54900.
   Google Scholar
• Hone, J.; Llaguno, M. C.; Biercuk, M. J.; Johnson, A. T.; Batlogg, B.; Benes, Z.; Fischer, J. E. Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube-Based Materials. Appl. Phys. A. 2002, 74, 339–343. DOI: 10.1007/s003390201277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nejad, S. M.; Srivastava, R.; Bellussi, F. M.; Thielemann, H. C.; Asinari, P.; Fasano, M. Nanoscale Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Composites by Atomistic Simulations. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2021, 159, 106588. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roselina, N. N.; Mohamad, N. S.; Kasolang, S. Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticles as Viscosity Modifier in Palm Oil Bio-Lubricant. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020, 834, 012032. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/834/1/012032.
   Google Scholar
• Baratpour, M.; Karimipour, A.; Afrand, M.; Wongwises, S. Effects of Temperature and Concentration on the Viscosity of Nanofluids Made of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Ethylene Glycol. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 2016, 74, 108–113. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.02.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echandía, L.; Mejía, S.; Osorio, D.; Rojas, N. Efecto reológico de la agregación de nanopartículas a fluidos lubricantes. Revista Colombiana de Materiales. 2014, 100–106. DOI: 10.17533/udea.rcm.19437.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, M.; Liu, H.; Zhao, H.; Li, W. How to Decrease the Viscosity of Suspension with the Second Fluid and Nanoparticles? Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 3137. DOI: 10.1038/srep03137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodadadi, H.; Toghraie, D.; Karimipour, A. Effects of Nanoparticles to Present a Statistical Model for the Viscosity of MgO-Water Nanofluid. Powder Technol. 2019, 342, 166–180. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbasi, S.; Carreau, P. J.; Derdouri, A.; Moan, M. Rheological Properties and Percolation in Suspensions of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Polycarbonate. Rheol. Acta. 2009, 48, 943–959. DOI: 10.1007/s00397-009-0375-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruan, B.; Jacobi, A. M. Ultrasonication Effects on Thermal and Rheological Properties of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2012, 7, 1–14. DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C, L.; E, F.; A, P. The Weight and Density of Carbon Nanotubes versus the Number of Walls and Diameter. Carbon. 2010, 48, 2994–2996. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.04.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar