Diel Shifts in Microhabitat Selection of Steelhead and Coho Salmon Fry

REFERENCES

• Au, D. W. K. 1972. Population dynamics of the Coho Salmon and its response to logging in three coastal streams. Doctoral dissertation. Oregon State University, Corvallis.
   Google Scholar
• Bardonnet, A., P. Poncin, and J.-M. Roussel. 2006. Brown Trout fry move inshore at night: a choice of water depth or velocity? Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15:309–314.
   Google Scholar
• Barnhart, R. A. 1986. Species profiles: life histories, and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific southwest) steelhead. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82 (11.60).
   Google Scholar
• Bauersfeld, K. 1978. Stranding of juvenile salmon by flow reductions at Mayfield Dam on the Cowlitz River. Washington Department of Fisheries Technical Report 36.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, E., S. Kramer, D. Zajanc, and J. Aspittle. 2008. Salmonid fry stranding mortality associated with daily water level fluctuations in Tail Bridge Reservoir, Oregon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 28:1515–1528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. J. 1997. An experimental study of stranding of juvenile salmonids on gravel bars and in side-channels during rapid flow decreases. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 13:395–401.
   Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. J., and P. S. Higgins. 2001. Habitat-, season-, and size-specific variation in diel activity patterns of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:365–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. J., G. C. Taylor, J. A. Allan, and P. S. Higgins. 1995. An experimental study of stranding of juvenile Coho Salmon and Rainbow Trout during rapid flow decreases in winter conditions. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 15:473–479.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, D. W., and T. C. Bjornn. 1969. Distribution of salmonids in streams, with special reference to food and feeding. Pages 153–176 in T. G. Northcote, editor. Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. H.R. Macmillan Lectures in Fisheries. Institute of Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Cluer, B. 2011. Hydrology and hydraulic conditions of the west branch Russian River during the steelhead stranding event on 29 April 2011. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Region, Santa Rosa, California.
   Google Scholar
• Copp, G. H., and P. Jurajda. 1999. Size-structured diel use of river banks by fish. Aquatic Sciences 61:75–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deitch, M. J., G. M. Kondolf, and A. M. Merenlender. 2009. Hydrologic impacts of small-scale instream diversions for frost and heat protection in the California wine country. River Research and Applications 25:118–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolloff, C. A., D. G. Hankin, and G. H. Reeves. 1993. Basinwide estimation of habitat and fish populations in streams. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report SE-GTR-83.
   Google Scholar
• Everest, F. H., and D. W. Chapman. 1972. Habitat selection and spatial interaction by juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead trout in two Idaho streams. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29:91–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fausch, K. D., and R. J. White. 1981. Competition between Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) for positions in a Michigan stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38:1220–1227.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gries, G., K. G. Whalen, F. Juanes, and D. L. Parrish. 1997. Nocturnal activity of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in late summer: evidence of diel activity partitioning. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1408–1413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groot, C., and L. Margolis. 1991. Pacific salmon life histories. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Halleraker, J. H., S. J. Saltveit, A. Harby, J. V. Arnekleiv, H. P. Fjeldstad, and B. Kohler. 2003. Factors influencing stranding of wild juvenile Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during rapid and frequent flow decreases in an artificial stream. River Research and Applications 19:589–603.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubert, W. A., D. D. Harris, and T. A. Wesche. 1994. Diurnal shifts in use of summer habitat by age-0 Brown Trout in a regulated mountain stream. Hydrobiologia 284:147–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, M. A. 1992. Hydropower flow fluctuations and salmonids: a review of the biological effects, mechanical causes, and options for mitigation. Washington Department of Fisheries Technical Report 119.
   Google Scholar
• Ligon, F. K., R. J. Nakamoto, B. C. Harvey, and P. F. Baker. 2016. Use of streambed substrate as refuge by steelhead or Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during simulated freshets. Journal of Fish Biology 88:1475–1485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, N. B., N. H. C. Fraser, and M. D. Burns. 1999. Food availability and the nocturnal vs. diurnal foraging trade-off in juvenile salmon. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:371–381.
   Google Scholar
• Nagrodski, A., G. D. Raby, C. T. Hassler, M. K. Taylor, and S. J. Cooke. 2012. Fish stranding in freshwater systems: sources, consequences, and mitigation. Journal of Environmental Management 103:133–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCWC (North Coast Water Coalition). 2015. Risk assessment for the use of water for frost protection in the Russian River drainage network, Sonoma County. Report prepared for the Russian River Watershed Conservation Council, submitted to the California State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Water Rights, Sacramento.
   Google Scholar
• NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2010. NOAA protects endangered salmon in Russian River watershed; charges vineyard with violating Endangered Species Act; continues work with task force. Press release from the NOAA Office of Law Enforcement, Long Beach, California. (May 11, 2010).
   Google Scholar
• Olson, F. W., and R. G. Metzgar. 1987. Downramping to minimize stranding of salmonid fry. Pages 691–701 in B. W. Clowes, editor. Waterpower ‘87, proceedings of the international conference on hydropower. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Pflug, D. E., and L. Mobrand. 1989. Skagit River salmon and steelhead fry stranding studies. Report prepared for Seattle City Light by R. W. Beck and Associates and Mobrand Biometrics, Seattle.
   Google Scholar
• Polacek, M. C., and P. W. James. 2003. Diel microhabitat use of age-0 Bull Trout in Indian Creek, Washington. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12:81–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, T. P. 2005. The behavior and ecology of Pacific salmon and trout. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
   Google Scholar
• Reebs, S. G. 2003. Plasticity of diel and circadian activity rhythms in fishes. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 12:349–371.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roussel, J. M., and A. Bardonnet. 1999. Ontogeny of diel pattern of stream-margin habitat use by emerging Brown Trout, Salmo trutta, in experimental channels: influence of food and predator presence. Environmental Biology of Fishes 56:253–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandercock, F. K. 2003. Life history of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Pages 395–446 in C. Groot and L. Margolis, editors. Pacific salmon life histories. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Shapovalov, L., and C. A. Taft. 1954. The life histories of the steelhead Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri gairdneri) and Silver Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) with special reference to Waddell Creek, California, and recommendations regarding their management. State of California Department of Fish and Game Fish Bulletin 98.
   Google Scholar
• UC (University of California) and CDFW (California Department of Fish and Wildlife). 2008. Stream summary application output database. UC Hopland Research and Extension Center GIS Laboratory, and CDFW Fisheries Restoration Grant Program, Grant PO430411, Santa Rosa, California.
   Google Scholar
• USOFR (U.S Office of the Federal Register). 2005. Endangered and threatened species: final listing determinations for 16 ESUs of West Coast salmon, and final 4(d) protective regulations for threatened salmonid ESUs. Federal Register 70:123( 28 June 2005):371603–7204.
   Google Scholar
• USOFR (U.S. Office of the Federal Register). 2006. Endangered and threatened species: final listing determinations for 10 distinct population segments of West Coast steelhead. Federal Register 71:3( 5 January 2006):834–862.
   Google Scholar