Impact of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on mortality after cancer: a nationwide registry-based cohort study in Denmark 2005–2017

References

• Ording A, Henrik Toft Sørensen H. Concepts of comorbidities, multiple morbidities, complications, and their clinical epidemiologic analogs. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;5:199–203. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S45305.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitty CJM, MacEwen C, Goddard A, et al. Rising to the challenge of multimorbidity. BMJ. 2020;368:l6964. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l6964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazza D, Mitchell G. Cancer, ageing, multimorbidity and primary care. Eur. J. Cancer Care. 2017;26:e12717. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeppenthin K, Dalton SO, Johansen C, et al. Total burden of disease in cancer patients at diagnosis—a Danish nationwide study of multimorbidity and redeemed medication. Br J Cancer. 2020;123(6):1033–1040. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0950-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Hendrikx AJM, et al. Impact of comorbidity on treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer patients: a population-based study. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006;58(1):60–67. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.08.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuthbert CA, Hemmelgarn BR, Xu Y, et al. The effect of comorbidities on outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study. J Cancer Surviv. 2018;12(6):733–743. doi: 10.1007/s11764-018-0710-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Land LH, Dalton SO, Jensen M-B, et al. Impact of comorbidity on mortality: a cohort study of 62,591 Danish women diagnosed with early breast cancer, 1990–2008. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;131(3):1013–1020. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1819-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimmick GG, Li X, Fleming ST, et al. Risk of cancer death by comorbidity severity and use of adjuvant chemotherapy among women with locoregional breast cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2018;9(3):214–220. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.11.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthes KL, Limam M, Pestoni G, et al. Impact of comorbidities at diagnosis on prostate cancer treatment and survival. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2018;144(4):707–715. doi: 10.1007/s00432-018-2596-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostenfeld EB, et al. Comorbidity and survival of Danish patients with Colon and rectal cancer from 2000-2011: a population-based cohort study. Clin. Epidemiol. 2013;5:65–74.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Søgaard M, Thomsen RW, Bossen KS, et al. The impact of comorbidity on cancer survival: a review. Clin Epidemiol. 2013;5(Suppl 1):3–29. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S47150.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bebe FN, Hu S, Brown TL, et al. Role, extent, and impact of comorbidity on prognosis and survival in advanced metastatic melanoma: a review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2019;12(1):16–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards MJ, Campbell ID, Lawrenson RA, et al. Influence of comorbidity on chemotherapy use for early breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;165(1):17–39. doi: 10.1007/s10549-017-4295-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jørgensen TL, Hallas J, Friis S, et al. Comorbidity in elderly cancer patients in relation to overall and cancer-specific mortality. Br J Cancer. 2012;106(7):1353–1360. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2012.46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao KI, Waechter L, Carton M, et al. Outcomes of exclusive radiation therapy for older women with breast cancer according to age and comorbidity status: an observational retrospective study. Breast J. 2020;26(5):976–980. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensken WP, Schiltz NK, Warner DF, et al. Comparing the association between multiple chronic conditions, multimorbidity, frailty, and survival among older patients with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2022;13(8):1244–1252. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.06.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boakye D, Rillmann B, Walter V, et al. Impact of comorbidity and frailty on prognosis in colorectal cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;64:30–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.02.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X-B, Ren G-S. Diabetes mellitus and prognosis in women with breast cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(49):e5602. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minicozzi P, Vicentini M, Innos K, et al. Comorbidities, timing of treatments, and chemotherapy use influence outcomes in stage III Colon cancer: a population-based European study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020;46(6):1151–1159. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.02.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler H, Belot A, Ellis L, et al. Comorbidity prevalence among cancer patients: a population-based cohort study of four cancers. BMC Cancer. 2020;20, 2(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-6472-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma M, Loh KP, Nightingale G, et al. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use in geriatric oncology. J Geriatr Oncol. 2016;7(5):346–353. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2016.07.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish civil registration system as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(8):541–549. doi: 10.1007/s10654-014-9930-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjerstorff ML. The Danish cancer registry. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):42–45. doi: 10.1177/1403494810393562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Sandegaard JL, et al. The danish national patient registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:449–490. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S91125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees J, Chan A. Polypharmacy in elderly patients with cancer: clinical implications and management. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(13):1249–1257. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70040-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen CB. The Danish civil registration system. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):22–25. doi: 10.1177/1403494810387965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diederichs C, Berger K, Bartels DB. The measurement of multiple chronic diseases–A systematic review on existing multimorbidity indices. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66(3):301–311. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher RL, Hanlon J, Hajjar ER. Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2014;13(1):57–65. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.827660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen PK, Pohar Perme M. Pseudo-observations in survival analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 2010;19(1):71–99. doi: 10.1177/0962280209105020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read WL, Tierney RM, Page NC, et al. Differential prognostic impact of comorbidity. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(15):3099–3103. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.08.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu JX, Thomas CE, Brunak S. Network biology concepts in complex disease comorbidities. Nat Rev Genet. 2016;17(10):615–629. doi: 10.1038/nrg.2016.87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi K, Karin M. NF-κB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(5):309–324. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019;25(12):1822–1832. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017;542(7640):177–185. doi: 10.1038/nature21363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin C, Henao-Mejia J, Flavell RA. Innate immune receptors: key regulators of metabolic disease progression. Cell Metab. 2013;17(6):873–882. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.05.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrucci L, Fabbri E. Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15(9):505–522. doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller AH, Raison CL. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(1):22–34. doi: 10.1038/nri.2015.5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suppli NP, Johansen C, Kessing LV, et al. Survival after early-stage breast cancer of women previously treated for depression: a nationwide Danish cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(3):334–342. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.68.8358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett JM, Reeves G, Billman GE, et al. Inflammation–nature’s way to efficiently respond to all types of challenges: implications for understanding and managing “the epidemic” of chronic diseases. Front Med. 2018;5:316. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 2015;1:15076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–383. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helweg-Larsen K. The Danish register of causes of death. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):26–29. doi: 10.1177/1403494811399958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar