Relationships between parental marital quality and preschool children’s prosocial behaviours: a meta-analysis

References

• Achenbach, T. M. (2006). As others see us: Clinical and research implications of cross-informant correlations for psychopathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(2), 94–98. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00414.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, B. J. (2005). Failsafe N or file-drawer number. In H. R. Rothstein, A. J. Sutton, & M. Borenstein (Eds.), Publication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustments (pp. 111–125). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 97–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. America, New York: Wiley Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: Library of Congress Catalog, Copyright by J. Aronson.
   Google Scholar
• Brauner-Otto, S. R., Axinn, W. G., & Ghimire, D. J. J. D. (2020). Parents’ marital quality and children’s transition to adulthood. Demography, 57(1), 195–220. doi:10.1007/s13524-019-00851-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John bowlby and mary ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28(5), 759–775. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.5.759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, S., & Stauffenberg, C. v. (2008). Child characteristics and family processes that predict behavioral readiness for school. Paper presented at the 2005 Symposium on Family Issues, 2005, Penn State University, PA, US; The editors are grateful to the many organizations at Penn State that sponsored the 2005 Symposium on Family Issues and this resulting volume.
   Google Scholar
• Card, N. A. (2015). Applied meta-analysis for social science research. The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W., Zhao, S. Y., Luo, J., & Zhang, J. F. (2015). Comparison of three estimators of statistical heterogeneity in meta-analysis [元分析中三种统计异质性估计方法的比较] (in Chinese). Journal of Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 40(4), 112–116. doi:10.13718/j.cnki.xsxb.2015.04.022
   Google Scholar
• Chi, P., Epstein, N. B., Fang, X., Lam, D. O., & Li, X. (2013). Similarity of relationship standards, couple communication patterns, and marital satisfaction among Chinese couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(5), 806–816. doi:10.1037/a0034113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, B. R., Moore, J. E., Powers, C., Cleveland, M., & Greenberg, M. T. (2014). Patterns of early reading and social skills associated with academic success in elementary school. Early Education and Development, 25(8), 1248–1264. doi:10.1080/10409289.2014.932236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, M., & Paley, B. (2003). Understanding families as systems. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 193–196. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01259
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 387–411. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, P. T., & Lindsay, L. L. (2001). Does gender moderate the effects of marital. In J. H. Grych, & F. D. Fincham (Eds.), Interparental conflict child development: Theory, research applications (pp. 64). Cambridge, United Kindom: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, P. T., & Lindsay, L. L. (2004). Interparental conflict and adolescent adjustment: Why does gender moderate early adolescent vulnerability? Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 160–170. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., Augenstein, T. M., Wang, M., Thomas, S. A., Drabick, D. A., Burgers, D. E., & Rabinowitz, J. (2015). The validity of the multi-informant approach to assessing child and adolescent mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 858–900. doi:10.1037/a0038498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131(4), 483–509. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dillon, L. M., & Beechler, M. P. (2010). Marital satisfaction and the impact of children in collectivist cultures: A meta-analysis. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 8(1), 7–22. doi:10.1556/JEP.8.2010.1.3
   Google Scholar
• *Eddy, B. P. (2015). The impact of marital quality and parent-child relationships on peer relationships at school: A Brazilian study. (Master Degree Master's thesis). University of Nebraska, Nebraska, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Egger, M., & Smith, G. D. (1998). Bias in location and selection of studies. BMJ, 316(7124), 61–66. doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7124.61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2015). Prosocial development. In M. E. Lamb, & S. B. Bonner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes (Vol. 3, pp. 610–656). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fincham, F. D., & Linfield, K. J. (1997). A new look at marital quality: Can spouses feel positive and negative about their marriage? Journal of Family Psychology, 11(4), 489–502. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.11.4.489-502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Finger, B., Eiden, R. D., Edwards, E. P., Leonard, K. E., & Kachadourian, L. (2010). Marital aggression and child peer competence: A comparison of three conceptual models. Personal Relationships, 17(3), 357–376. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01284.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman, E. A., & Meyers, S. A. (2000). Marital satisfaction and child adjustment: Direct and mediated pathways. Contemporary Family Therapy, 22(4), 437–452. doi:10.1023/A:1007848901640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3–8. doi:10.2307/1174772
   Google Scholar
• *Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health. Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 373–381. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.3.373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gresham, F. M., Elliott, S. N., Vance, M. J., & Cook, C. R. (2011). Comparability of the social skills rating system to the social skills improvement system: Content and psychometric comparisons across elementary and secondary age levels. School Psychology Quarterly, 26(1), 27–44. doi:10.1037/a0022662
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, J. T., Stern, J. A., Brett, B. E., & Cassidy, J. (2017). The multifaceted nature of prosocial behavior in children: Links with attachment theory and research. Social Development, 26(4), 661–678. doi:10.1111/sode.12242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grusec, J. E. J. H. o. p. (2002). Parental socialization and children’s acquisition of values. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Practical issues in parenting (Vol. 5, pp. 143–167). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 267–290. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gui, T. (2017). “Devalued” daughters versus “appreciated” sons: Gender inequality in China’s parent-organized matchmaking markets. Journal of Family Issues, 38(13), 1923–1948. doi:10.1177/0192513X16680012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Hao, Y., Wang, Z., Dong, S., Liu, S., Wu, M., & Lu, S. (2019). The predictive effects of maternal life event stress in early childhood on 5-year-old child behavioral problems: A chained mediation model [儿童早期的母亲生活压力 对其5 岁行为问题的预测效应: 链式中介分析] (in Chinese). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(1), 85–95. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00085
   Google Scholar
• Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 327(7414), 557–560. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Hosokawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2017a). A longitudinal study of socioeconomic status, family processes, and child adjustment from preschool until early elementary school: The role of social competence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11(62), 1–28. doi:10.1186/s13034-017-0206-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Hosokawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2017b). Marital relationship, parenting practices, and social skills development in preschool children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 11(2), 1–8. doi:10.1186/s13034-016-0139-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. C., Jorgensen-Wells, M. K. A., Pickett, J. M., Andrus, L. E., Leiter, V. K., Graver, H., … Hanna-Walker, V. R. (2021). Marital relationships spillover and parental differential treatment of siblings: A multilevel meta-analysis. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 13(3), 347–365. doi:10.1111/jftr.12425
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Ji, M. (2022). Family environment and young children’s social adaptation: The mediating role of positive mental character [家庭环境与幼儿社会适应: 积极心理品质的中介作用] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). Huibei Normal University, Huangshi, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B., & Ray, W. (2016). Family systems theory. In C. L. Shehan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of family studies (pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. C., Dweck, C. S., & Chen, F. S. (2007). Evidence for infants’ internal working models of attachment. Psychological Science, 18(6), 501–502. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01929.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendrick, H. M., & Drentea, P. (2016). Marital adjustment. In C. L. Shehan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of family studies (pp. 1–2). NJ: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Kühhirt, M., & Klein, M. (2020). Parental education, television exposure, and children's early cognitive, language and behavioral development. Social Science Research, 86, 102391. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladd, G. W., & Profilet, S. M. (1996). The child behavior scale: A teacher-report measure of young children's aggressive, withdrawn, and prosocial behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 32(6), 1008–1024. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.1008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laible, D., & Karahuta, E. (2014). Prosocial behaviors in early childhood: Helping others, responding to the distress of others, and working with others. In Prosocial development: A multidimensional approach (pp. 350–373). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• *Laible, D. (2006). Maternal emotional expressiveness and attachment security: Links to representations of relationships and social behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52(4), 645–670. doi:10.1353/mpq.2006.0035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Lang, M. (2019). The effect of family intimacy on the peer relationship of children aged 4-6 year olds: the mediating role of emotional regulation [4-6岁幼儿家庭亲密度对其同伴关系的影响: 情绪调节能力的中介作用] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• *Lei, Y., Zhang, H., & Zhang, S. (2022). The association between marital satisfaction and preschool children’s social skills: Analysis of multiple mediation effect [父母婚姻满意度与幼儿社会技能的关系: 多重中介效应分析] (in Chinese). Journal of Xiang Yang Polytechnic, 21(5), 126–131.
   Google Scholar
• Leidy, M. S., Parke, R. D., Cladis, M., Coltrane, S., & Duffy, S. (2009). Positive marital quality, acculturative stress, and child outcomes among Mexican americans. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71(4), 833–847. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00638.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Chan, C. W. H., Choi, K. C., Zhang, H., Ng, S. N., Huang, L., … Zhao, W. (2022). The Chinese version of the revised dyadic adjustment scale for gynaecological cancer patients and their partners: Translation and psychometric evaluation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 9(1), 48–54. doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2021.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., Yang, P., Wang, W., & Li, D. (2021). The relationship between mother’s punishment and encouragement of sociability and preschool children’s social skill: The moderating effect of shyness. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(01), 98–103.
   Google Scholar
• *Li, Z. (2008). Influencing factors of family spiritual environment on social development of children aged 5-6 years [家庭精神环境对 5∼ 6 岁儿童社会性发展的影响因素研究] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• *Liang, Z., Ma, L., Zhang, G., & Deng, H. (2016). Marital quality and preschooler’s social adjustment: Mediating effects of parenting behavior [父母婚姻关系质量与学前儿童社会适应:父母养育行为的中介作用] (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 499–503. doi:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2016.03.026
   Google Scholar
• *Lindsey, E. W., Caldera, Y. M., & Tankersley, L. (2009). Marital conflict and the quality of young children's peer play behavior: The mediating and moderating role of parent–child emotional reciprocity and attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 130–145. doi:10.1037/a0014972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical meta-analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, C., Abdul Rahman, M. N., Wang, X., & Mao, Y. (2022). Parental demands for childcare services of infants and toddlers in China under the three-child policy. Child Care in Practice, 1–25. doi:10.1080/13575279.2022.2109596
   Google Scholar
• Liu, C., & Rahman, M. N. A. (2022). Relationships between parenting style and sibling conflicts: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 936253. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.936253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Liu, H., Sun, S., & Li, Y. (2017). Family functioning and children’s social skills: Mediating effect of supportive coparenting [家庭功能与幼儿社会技能的关系; 协同教养的中介作用] (in Chinese). Psychological Research, 10(3), 35–40.
   Google Scholar
• *Liu, X., Li, Y., Xie, Q., Xu, J., & Zhu, J. (2020). Family functioning and preschoolers’ social adaptation: The mediating role of children’s social anxiety [家庭功能与幼儿社会适应的关系: 幼儿社交焦虑的中介作用] (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 619–623. doi:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2020.03.038
   Google Scholar
• *Lucas-Thompson, R., & Clarke-Stewart, K. A. (2007). Forecasting friendship: How marital quality, maternal mood, and attachment security are linked to children's peer relationships. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28(5), 499–514. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2007.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Lue, T., Wishon, P. M., McDevitt, T. M., & Walsh, W. M. (1997). The relationship between marital discord and young children's social problem-solving strategies: The roles of modeling and parenting. Early Child Development and Care, 137(1), 1–19. doi:10.1080/0300443971370101
   Google Scholar
• Lui, M., Lau, G. K., Tam, V. C., Chiu, H.-M., Li, S. S., & Sin, K.-F. (2020). Parents’ impact on children’s school performance: Marital satisfaction, parental involvement, and mental health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(6), 1548–1560. doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01655-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main, A. (2019). Parenting and prosocial/moral development in asians and Asian immigrants to the United States. In D. J. Laible, G. Carlo, & L. M. P. Walker (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of parenting and moral development (pp. 1–18). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mapp, K. L. (2003). Having their say: Parents describe why and how they are engaged in their children's learning. The School Community Journal, 13, 35–64.
   Google Scholar
• Marvin, R. S., & Stewart, R. B. (1990). A family systems framework for the study of attachment. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, intervention (pp. 51–86). University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCoy, K. P., George, M. R. W., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2013). Constructive and destructive marital conflict, parenting, and children's school and social adjustment. Social Development, 22(4), 641–662. doi:10.1111/sode.12015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *McCoy, K., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2009). Constructive and destructive marital conflict, emotional security and children’s prosocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(3), 270–279. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01945.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moens, M. A., Weeland, J., Van der Giessen, D., Chhangur, R. R., & Overbeek, G. (2018). In the Eye of the beholder? Parent-observer discrepancies in parenting and child disruptive behavior assessments. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46(6), 1147–1159. doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0381-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute. (2014). Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• *Oravecz, L. M., Koblinsky, S. A., & Randolph, S. M. (2008). Community violence, interpartner conflict, parenting, and social support as predictors of the social competence of African American preschool children. Journal of Black Psychology, 34(2), 192–216. doi:10.1177/0095798408314142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Özbey, S. (2013). Effects of parents’ marital adjustment and perceived social support on preschool children’s social skills. Educational Research International, 1(2), 95–105.
   Google Scholar
• Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., … Brennan, S. E. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(89), 1–11. doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• *Pang, X. (2021). A study on the relationship between parents’ marital quality and children's school adjustment: The mediating role of parent-child attachment [父母婚姻质量与幼儿入园适应的关系研究: 亲子依恋的中介作用] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• Parkhurst, J. T., & Asher, S. R. (1992). Peer rejection in middle school: Subgroup differences in behavior, loneliness, and interpersonal concerns. Developmental Psychology, 28(2), 231–241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 576–593. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00393.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, W. J., & Crisafulli, A. (1990). Marital discord and child behavior problems: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18(1), 105–117. doi:10.1007/BF00919459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren, L., Zhang, X., Zhou, N., & Ng, M. L. (2017). Interactive effects between maternal parenting and negative emotionality on social functioning among very young Chinese children. Early Education and Development, 28(1), 21–40. doi:10.1080/10409289.2016.1191001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 98. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638–641. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Smith, V., Zaidman-Zait, A., & Hertzman, C. (2012). Promoting children’s prosocial behaviors in school: Impact of the “roots of empathy” program on the social and emotional competence of school-aged children. School Mental Health, 4(1), 1–21. doi:10.1007/s12310-011-9064-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Scrimgeour, M. B. (2015). The role of marital, coparenting, and sibling relationships on the development of children's prosocial behaviors in early childhood. (Doctoral Degree). The Pennsylvania State University.
   Google Scholar
• Sears, M. S., Repetti, R. L., Reynolds, B. M., Robles, T. F., & Krull, J. L. (2016). Spillover in the home: The effects of family conflict on parents’ behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(1), 127–141. doi:10.1111/jomf.12265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shek, D. T. (1994). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the dyadic adjustment scale. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 7–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shelby, L. B., & Vaske, J. J. (2008). Understanding meta-analysis: A review of the methodological literature. Leisure Sciences, 30(2), 96–110. doi:10.1080/01490400701881366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Solak Arabaci, M., & Demircioğlu, H. (2021). Investigating predictive effects of 5–6-year-old children’s relationships with their parents and parents’ marital satisfaction on children’s relationships with their peers. Early Child Development and Care, 191(4), 640–653. doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1639161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Sturge-Apple, M. L., Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (2006). Impact of hostility and withdrawal in interparental conflict on parental emotional unavailability and children's adjustment difficulties. Child Development, 77(6), 1623–1641. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00963.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Sun, S. (2016). The role and mechanism of family environment on young children's social skills [家庭环境对幼儿社会技能的影响: 作用与机制] (in Chinese). (Ph.D Degree Doctoral thesis). Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• Swensen, C. H., & Trahaug, G. (1985). Commitment and the long-term marriage relationship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47(4), 939–945. doi:10.2307/352337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Way, N., Hughes, D., Yoshikawa, H., Kalman, R. K., & Niwa, E. Y. (2008). Parents’ goals for children: The dynamic coexistence of individualism and collectivism in cultures and individuals. Social Development, 17(1), 183–209. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00419.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahyuningsih, H., Kusumaningrum, F. A., & Novitasari, R. (2020). Parental marital quality and adolescent psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cogent Psychology, 7(1), 1819005. doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1819005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Hu, B., LoCasale-Crouch, J., & Li, J. (2021). Supportive parenting and social and behavioral development: Does classroom emotional support moderate? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 77, 101331. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Xie, H., Huang, J., & Liang, L. (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between teacher–child interaction and children’s executive function. Current Psychology, doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04647-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., Loh, S., Tian, J., & Chen, Q. (2022). A meta-analysis of the effect of the early start denver model in children with autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 68(5), 587–597. doi:10.1080/20473869.2020.1870419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Wang, F. (2020). The influence of family environment on children's prosocial behavior [家庭环境对幼儿亲社会行为的影响研究] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• *Wang, H. (2018). Study on the relationships between parents’ marital quality and the ability of their children [父母婚姻质量与幼儿同伴交往能力的相关研究] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• *Wang, S., & Cheng, D. D. (2021). Study on the relationship between marital quality and preschool children's prosocial behavior [父母婚姻质量与幼儿亲社会行为的关系研究] (in Chinese). Journal of Guizhou Education University, 37(3), 26–31. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7798.2021.03.005
   Google Scholar
• Waters, H. S., & Waters, E. (2006). The attachment working models concept: Among other things, we build script-like representations of secure base experiences. Attachment & Human Development, 8(3), 185–197. doi:10.1080/14616730600856016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Way, N., Okazaki, S., Zhao, J., Kim, J. J., Chen, X., Yoshikawa, H., … Deng, H. (2013). Social and emotional parenting: Mothering in a changing Chinese society. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 61–70. doi:10.1037/a0031204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, T. K. Y., Konishi, C., & Kong, X. (2021). Parenting and prosocial behaviors: a meta-analysis. Social Development, 30(2), 343–373. doi:10.1111/sode.12481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Wu, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, S., Wang, L., & Zhao, Q. (2022). Child executive function linking marital adjustment to peer nominations of prosocial behavior. Journal of Marriage and Family, 1–16. doi:10.1111/jomf.12892
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Xia, Y. (2019). The influence of maternal marital satisfaction on cooperation of firstborn children aged 4∼6 in two-child family. [二孩家庭中母亲婚姻满意度对 4∼ 6 岁头胎儿童合作行为的影响] (in Chinese). (Master Degree Master's thesis). China West Normal University, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China.
   Google Scholar
• Yagmurlu, B., & Sanson, A. (2009). Parenting and temperament as predictors of prosocial behaviour in Australian and Turkish Australian children. Australian Journal of Psychology, 61(2), 77–88. doi:10.1080/00049530802001338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• *Yang, Q., & Li, X. (2018). Paternal marital satisfaction and children’s social adjustment: Mediating effects of paternal reactions to children’s negative emotions. [父亲婚姻满意度与幼儿社会适应: 父亲反应方式的中介作用] (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(1), 129–138. doi:10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2018.01.028
   Google Scholar
• Yeung, W.-J. J., & Hu, S. (2013). Coming of age in times of change: The transition to adulthood in China. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 646(1), 149–171. doi:10.1177/0002716212468667
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Liu, Y., & Hu, T. (2021). A meta-analysis of the relationship between father involvement and problem behaviour among preschool children. Early Child Development and Care, 191(11), 1802–1824. doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1679127
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, N., & Buehler, C. (2019). Marital hostility and early adolescents’ adjustment: The role of cooperative marital conflict. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(1), 5–27. doi:10.1177/0272431617725193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar