Publication Cover
Tel Aviv
Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University
Volume 51, 2024 - Issue 1
253
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Archaeomagnetic Dating of the Outer Revetment Wall at Tel Lachish

References

  • Ben-Yosef, E., Millman, M., Shaar, R., Tauxe, L. and Lipschits, O. 2017. Six Centuries of Geomagnetic Intensity Variations Recorded by Royal Judean Stamped Jar Handles. PNAS 114: 2160–2165. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1615797114
  • Ben-Yosef, E., Tauxe, L. and Levy, T.E. 2010. Archaeomagnetic Dating of Copper Smelting Site F2 in Timna Valley (Israel) and Its Implication on Modeling Ancient Technological Developments. Archaeometry 52: 1110–1121. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00528.x
  • Borger, R. 1956. Die Inschriften Asarhaddons, Königs von Assyrien. Graz.
  • Ephʿal, I. 1984. The Assyrian Siege Ramp at Lachish: Military and Lexical Aspects. Tel Aviv 11: 60–70. doi: 10.1179/tav.1984.1984.1.60
  • Ephʿal, I. 2013. The City Besieged: Siege and Its Manifestations in the Ancient Near East. Jerusalem.
  • Faust, A., Katz, H., Sapir, Y., Avraham, A., Marder, O., Bar-Oz, G., Weiss, E., Auman-Chazan, C., Hartmann-Shenkman, A., Sadiel, T., Vilnay, O., Tsesarsky, M., Sarah, P., Ackermann, O., Timmer, N., Katz, O., Langgut, D. and Benzaquen, M. 2017. The Birth, Life and Death of an Iron Age House at Tel ʿEton, Israel. Levant 49: 136–173. doi: 10.1080/00758914.2017.1388027
  • Garfinkel, Y. 2019. Innovations Concerning the Fortifications of Canaanite and Judean Lachish. In: Peleg-Barkat, O., Zelinger, Y., Uziel, J. and Gadot, Y., eds. New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and Its Region: Collected Papers Volume 13. Jerusalem: 273–300 (Hebrew).
  • Garfinkel, Y., Carroll, J.W., Pytlik, M. and Mumcuoglu, M. 2021a. Constructing the Assyrian Siege Ramp at Lachish: Texts, Iconography, Archaeology and Photogrammetry. OJA 40: 417–439.
  • Garfinkel, Y., Hasel, M.G., Klingbeil, M.G., Kang, H.-G., Choi, G., Chang, S.-Y., Hong, S., Ganor, S., Kreimerman, I. and Ramsey, C.B. 2019. Lachish Fortifications and State Formation in the Biblical Kingdom of Judah in Light of Radiometric Datings. Radiocarbon 61: 695–712. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2019.5
  • Garfinkel, Y., Hasel, M.G., Klingbeil, M.G., Kreimerman, I., Pytlik, M., Carroll, J.W., Waybright, J.W.B., Kang, H.-G., Choi, G., Chang, S., Hong, S., David, A., Weissbein, I. and Silverberg, N. 2021b. The Canaanite and Judean Cities of Lachish, Israel: Preliminary Report of the Fourth Expedition, 2013–2017. AJA 125: 419–459. doi: 10.3764/aja.125.3.0419
  • Gottlieb, Y. 2004. The Arrowheads and Selected Aspects of the Siege Battle. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) Volume II (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 1907–1969.
  • Hassul, E., Shaar, R., Vaknin, Y., Agnon, A., Gallet, Y., Leibner, U., Sabar, R., Freud, L., Sandhaus, D. and Lipschits, O. Forthcoming. Geomagnetic Field Intensity during the First Millennium BCE from Royal Judean Storage Jars: Constraining the Duration of the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.
  • Layard, A.H. 1853. Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon: With Travels in Armenia, Kurdistan and the Desert: Being the Result of a Second Expedition Undertaken for the Trustees of the British Museum. London.
  • Lev-Yadun, S., Lucas, D.S. and Weinstein-Evron, M. 2010. Modeling the Demands for Wood by the Inhabitants of Masada and for the Roman Siege. Journal of Arid Environments 74: 777–785. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.01.010
  • Liphschitz, N., Lev-Yadun, S. and Waisel, Y. 1981. Dendroarchaeological Investigations in Israel (Masada). IEJ 31: 230–234.
  • Livermore, P.W., Fournier, A., Gallet, Y. and Bodin, T. 2018. Transdimensional Inference of Archeomagnetic Intensity Change. Geophysical Journal International 215: 2008–2034. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggy383
  • Namdar, D., Zukerman, A., Maeir, A.M., Katz, J.C., Cabanes, D., Trueman, C., Shahack-Gross, R. and Weiner, S. 2011. The 9th Century BCE Destruction Layer at Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel: Integrating Macro- and Microarchaeology. JAS 38: 3471–3482.
  • Peters, I., Tauxe, L. and Ben-Yosef, E. 2017. Archaeomagnetic Dating of Pyrotechnological Contexts: A Case Study for Copper Smelting Sites in the Central Timna Valley, Israel. Archaeometry 60: 554–570. doi: 10.1111/arcm.12322
  • Shaar, R., Bechar, S., Finkelstein, I., Gallet, Y., Martin, M.A.S., Ebert, Y., Keinan, J. and Gonen, L. 2020. Synchronizing Geomagnetic Field Intensity Records in the Levant between the 23rd and 15th Centuries BCE: Chronological and Methodological Implications. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 21 (12): e2020GC009251. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009266
  • Shaar, R., Ben-Yosef, E., Ron, H., Tauxe, L., Agnon, A. and Kessel, R. 2011. Geomagnetic Field Intensity: How High Can It Get? How Fast Can It Change? Constraints from Iron Age Copper Slag. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 301: 297–306. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.013
  • Shaar, R., Gallet, Y., Vaknin, Y., Gonen, L., Martin, M.A.S., Adams, M.J. and Finkelstein, I. 2022. Archaeomagnetism in the Levant and Mesopotamia Reveals the Largest Changes in the Geomagnetic Field. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 127 (12): e2022JB024962. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024962
  • Shaar, R., Hassul, E., Raphael, K., Ebert, Y., Segal, Y., Eden, I., Vaknin, Y., Marco, S., Nowaczyk, N.R., Chauvin, A. and Agnon, A. 2018. The First Catalog of Archaeomagnetic Directions from Israel with 4000 Years of Geomagnetic Secular Variations. Frontiers in Earth Science 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00164
  • Shaar, R., Tauxe, L., Goguitchaichvili, A., Devidze, M. and Licheli, V. 2017. Further Evidence of the Levantine Iron Age Geomagnetic Anomaly from Georgian Pottery. Geophysical Research Letters 44: 2229–2236. doi: 10.1002/2016GL071494
  • Shaar, R., Tauxe, L., Ron, H., Ebert, Y., Zuckerman, S., Finkelstein, I. and Agnon, A. 2016. Large Geomagnetic Field Anomalies Revealed in Bronze and Iron Age Archaeomagentic Data from Tel Megiddo and Tel Hazor, Israel. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 442: 173–185. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.038
  • Shahack-Gross, R., Shaar, R., Hassul, E., Ebert, Y., Forget, M., Nowaczyk, N., Marco, S., Finkelstein, I. and Agnon, A. 2018. Fire and Collapse: Untangling the Formation of Destruction Layers Using Archeomagnetism. Geoarchaeology 33: 513–528. doi: 10.1002/gea.21668
  • Shimron, A.E. 2004. Selected Plaster and Glassy Samples. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 2620–2655.
  • Siddal, L.R. 2019. The Nature of Siege Warfare in the Neo-Assyrian Period. In: Armstrong, J. and Trundle, M., eds. Brill’s Companion to Sieges in the Ancient Mediterranean (Brill’s Companions to Classical Studies 3). Leiden and Boston: 35–52.
  • Starkey, J.L. 1933. A Lecture Delivered at the Rooms of the Palestine Exploration Fund, on June 22nd, 1933. PEQ 65: 190–199. doi: 10.1179/peq.1933.65.4.190
  • Tufnell, O. 1953. Lachish III (Tell ed-Duweir): The Iron Age (Wellcome Archaeological Research Expedition to the Near East Publications 3). London, New York and Toronto.
  • Ussishkin, D. 1982. The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib. Tel Aviv.
  • Ussishkin, D. 2004a. Area R and the Assyrian Siege. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 695–764.
  • Ussishkin, D. 2004b. The Mound and Excavation Strategy. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 23–49.
  • Ussishkin, D. 2004c. Synopsis of Stratigraphical, Chronological and Historical Issues. In: Ussishkin, D., ed. The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973–1994) (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 22). Tel Aviv: 50–119.
  • Ussishkin, D. 2014. Biblical Lachish: A Tale of Construction, Destruction, Excavation and Restoration. Jerusalem and Washington, D.C.
  • Ussishkin, D. 2019. Lachish and Its Fortifications: A Response to Yosef Garfinkel’s Proposals. In: Peleg-Barkat, O., Zelinger, Y., Uziel, J. and Gadot, Y., eds. New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and Its Region Volume 13. Jerusalem: 301–311 (Hebrew).
  • Ussishkin, D. 2023. The City Walls of Lachish: Response to Yosef Garfinkel, Michael Hasel, Martin Klingbeil and Their Colleagues. PEQ 155: 91–110. doi: 10.1080/00310328.2022.2033484
  • Vaknin, Y., Shaar, R., Gadot, Y., Shalev, Y., Lipschits, O. and Ben-Yosef, E. 2020. The Earth’s Magnetic Field in Jerusalem during the Babylonian Destruction: A Unique Reference for Field Behavior and an Anchor for Archaeomagnetic Dating. PLoS One 15(8): e0237029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237029
  • Vaknin, Y., Shaar, R., Lipschits, O., Eliyahu Behar, A., Maeir, A.M. and Ben-Yosef, E. 2023. Applying Thermal Demagnetization to Archaeological Materials: A Tool for Detecting Burnt Clay and Estimating Its Firing Temperature. PLoS One 18(10): e0289424. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289424
  • Vaknin, Y., Shaar, R., Lipschits, O., Mazar, A., Maeir, A.M., Garfinkel, Y., Freud, L., Faust, A., Tappy, R.E., Kreimerman, I., Ganor, S., Covello-Paran, K., Sergi, O., Herzog, Z., Arav, R., Lederman, Z., Münger, S., Fantalkin, A., Gitin, S. and Ben-Yosef, E. 2022. Reconstructing Biblical Military Campaigns Using Geomagnetic Field Data. PNAS 119 (44): e2209117119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2209117119
  • Yadin, Y. 1963. The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands in the Light of Archaeological Study. New York.
  • Zijderveld, J.D.A. 1967. AC Demagnetization of Rocks: Analysis of Results. In: Runcorn, S.K., Creer, K.M. and Colinson, D.W., eds. Methods in Paleomagnetism. Amsterdam. 254–286.