Performance evaluation of an automated hybrid solar system dryer for drying some aromatic herbs

References

• Msaada, K.; Salem, N.; Tammar, S.; Hammami, M.; Saharkhiz, M. J.; Debiche, N.; Limam, F.; Marzouk, B. Essential Oil Composition of Lavandula Dentata, L. Stoechas and L. Multifida Cultivated in Tunisia. J. Essent. Oil. Bear. Plants 2012, 15, 1030–1039. DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2012.10662608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Demerdash, M. Medicinal plants of Egypt. In Development of plant-based medicines: Conservation, efficacy and safety; Saxena, P. K., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, 2001, pp 69–93.
   Google Scholar
• Kiani, H. S.; Ali, A.; Zahra, S.; Hassan, Z. U.; Kubra, K. T.; Azam, M.; Zahid, H. F. Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Potential of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) and Impact on Gut Microbiota. AppliedChem 2022, 2, 229–246. DOI: 10.3390/appliedchem2040016.
   Google Scholar
• Mokhtari, R.; Kazemi Fard, M.; Rezaei, M.; Moftakharzadeh, S. A.; Mohseni, A. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities, and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.), Sage (Salvia Officinalis L.), and Thyme–Sage Mixture Extracts. J. Food Qual. 2023, 2023, 1–9. DOI: 10.1155/2023/2602454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes, F.; Dias, M. I.; Lima, Â.; Barros, L.; Rodrigues, M. E.; Ferreira, I. C. F. R.; Henriques, M. Satureja Montana L. and Origanum Majorana L. Decoctions: Antimicrobial Activity, Mode of Action and Phenolic Characterization. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 294. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavanagh, H. M. A.; Wilkinson, J. M. Biological Activities of Lavender Essential Oil. Phytother. Res. 2002, 16, 301–308. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echeverrigaray, S.; Basso, R.; Andrade, L. B. Micropropagation of Lavandula Dentata from Axillary Buds of Field-Grown Adult Plants. Biologia Plant. 2005, 49, 439–442. DOI: 10.1007/s10535-005-0024-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouyahya, A.; Chamkhi, I.; Menyiy, N.; El; Moudden, H.; El; Harhar, H.; Idrissi, Z. L.; El; Khouchlaa, A.; Jouadi, I.; Baaboua, A.; El; Taha, D.; et al. Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, and Pharmacological Properties of Lavandula Dentata L.: A Comprehensive Review. S Afr. J. Bot. 2023, 154, 67–87. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.01.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, P.; Singh, D. Advanced Technologies and Performance Investigations of Solar Dryers: A Review. Renew. Energy Focus 2020, 35, 148–158. DOI: 10.1016/j.ref.2020.10.003.
   Google Scholar
• Ju, H. Y.; Zhao, S. H.; Mujumdar, A. S.; Zhao, H. Y.; Duan, X.; Zheng, Z. A.; Gao, Z. J.; Xiao, H. W. Step-Down Relative Humidity Convective Air Drying Strategy to Enhance Drying Kinetics, Efficiency, and Quality of American Ginseng Root (Panax Quinquefolium). Drying Technol. 2020, 38, 903–916. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2019.1597373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi, Y.-X.; Zielinska, S.; Ni, J.-B.; Li, X.-X.; Xue, X.-F.; Tian, W.-L.; Peng, W.-J.; Fang, X.-M. Effects of Hot-Air Drying Temperature on Drying Characteristics and Color Deterioration of Rape Bee Pollen. Food Chem. X. 2022, 16, 100464. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100464.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ibrahim, A.; Elsebaee, I.; Amer, A.; Aboelasaad, G.; El‐Bediwy, A.; El‐Kholy, M. Development and Evaluation of a Hybrid Smart Solar Dryer. J. Food Sci. 2023, 88, 3859–3878. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim, A.; Cattaneo, M. P. T.; Amer, A.; Helyes, L. Drying Technology Evolution and Global Concerns Related to Food Security and Sustainability. Presented at the Food Processing and Packaging Technologies - Recent Advances; IntechOpen, 2023. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.109196.
   Google Scholar
• Ndukwu, M. C.; Simo-Tagne, M.; Bennamoun, L. Solar Drying Research of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: An African Experience with Assessment of the Economic and Environmental Impact. Afr. J. Sci. Technol. Innov. Dev. 2020, 13, 247–260. DOI: 10.1080/20421338.2020.1776061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, C.; Hobson, G. E. Compositional Changes in Normal and Mutant Tomato Fruit during Ripening and Storage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1987, 40, 245–252. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740400307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egyptian Pharmacopoeia. Ministry of Health, General Organization for Government Printing Office: Cairo, 1984; pp 31–33.
   Google Scholar
• Fadel, H. H. M.; El-Ghorab, A. H.; Hussein, A. M. S.; El-Massry, K. F.; Lotfy, S. N.; Sayed Ahmed, M. Y.; Soliman, T. N. Correlation between Chemical Composition and Radical Scavenging Activity of 10 Commercial Essential Oils: Impact of Microencapsulation on Functional Properties of Essential Oils. Arabian J. Chem. 2020, 13, 6815–6827. DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.06.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, R. P. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy; Allured Publishing Corporation: Carol Stream, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Yen, G.-C.; Chen, H.-Y. Antioxidant Activity of Various Tea Extracts in Relation to Their Antimutagenicity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 27–32. DOI: 10.1021/jf00049a007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzolino, D. A Brief Introduction to Multivariate Methods in Grape and Wine Analysis. IJWR. 2009, 2009, 123. DOI: 10.2147/IJWR.S4585.
   Google Scholar
• Noshadi, M.; Ghafourian, A. Groundwater Quality Analysis Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques (Case Study: Fars Province, Iran). Environ. Monit. Assess. 2016, 188, 419. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5412-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, X. M.; Liu, Z. L.; Xiao, H. M.; Torki, M.; Orsat, V.; Raghavan, G. S. V.; Xiao, H. W.; Wang, H. Performance Assessment of an Evacuated Tube Solar-Electric Hybrid Dryer for Lotus Seeds Drying: Moisture Removal Behavior, GHG Emission and Thermodynamic Analysis. J Clean Prod 2023, 406, 136972. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. Energy-Smart Food for People and Climate; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• EIA. International Energy Outlook Executive Summary; U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585 (2017).
   Google Scholar
• Multari, S.; Marsol-Vall, A.; Keskitalo, M.; Yang, B.; Suomela, J. P. Effects of Different Drying Temperatures on the Content of Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoids in Quinoa Seeds (Chenopodium Quinoa) from Finland. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2018, 72, 75–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.06.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, R.; Sharma, S.; Sharma, S.; Kumar, N. Drying Methods and Distillation Time Affects Essential Oil Content and Chemical Compositions of Acorus Calamus L. in the Western Himalayas. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 2016, 3, 136–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2016.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian, M.; Kalbasi-Ashtari, A.; Xiao, H. W. Effects of Solar Drying Operation Equipped with a Finned and Double-Pass Heat Collector on Energy Utilization, Essential Oil Extraction and Bio-Active Compounds of Peppermint (Mentha Piperita L.). Dry. Technol. 2022, 40, 897–923. DOI: 10.1080/07373937.2020.1836650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua, L. Y. W.; Chua, B. L.; Figiel, A.; Chong, C. H.; Wojdyło, A.; Szumny, A.; Choong, T. S. Y. Antioxidant Activity, and Volatile and Phytosterol Contents of Strobilanthes crispus Dehydrated Using Conventional and Vacuum Microwave Drying Methods. Molecules 2019, 24, 1397. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebadi, M. T.; Azizi, M.; Sefidkon, F.; Ahmadi, N. Influence of Different Drying Methods on Drying Period, Essential Oil Content and Composition of Lippia citriodora Kunth. J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants 2015, 2, 182–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmap.2015.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figiel, A.; Szumny, A.; Gutiérrez-Ortíz, A.; Carbonell-Barrachina, Á. A. Composition of Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum vulgare) as Affected by Drying Method. J. Food Eng. 2010, 98, 240–247. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Maroto, M.; Pérez-Coello, M.; Cabezudo, M. Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Volatile Components of Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum L.). Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2002, 215, 227–230. DOI: 10.1007/s00217-002-0529-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Réblová, Z. Effect of Temperature on the Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Acids. Czech J. Food Sci. 2012, 30, 171–175. DOI: 10.17221/57/2011-CJFS.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua, L. Y. W.; Chong, C. H.; Chua, B. L.; Figiel, A. Influence of Drying Methods on the Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Essential Oil Volatile Composition of Herbs: A Review. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2019, 12, 450–476. DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2227-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swamy, M. K.; Akhtar, M. S.; Sinniah, U. R. Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Essential Oils against Human Pathogens and Their Mode of Action: An Updated Review. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2016, 2016, 3012462–21. 2016, DOI: 10.1155/2016/3012462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guimarães, A. G.; Quintans, J. S. S.; Quintans, L. J. Monoterpenes with Analgesic Activity-A Systematic Review. Phytother. Res. 2013, 27, 1–15. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar