BIOPERSISTENCE, FIBER LENGTH, AND CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INHALED FIBERS

REFERENCES

• Asgharian, B., and Yu, C. P. 1988. Deposition of inhaled fibrous particles in the human lung. J. Aerosol Med. 1:37–50.
   Google Scholar
• Asgharian, B., and Yu, C. P. 1989. Deposition of fibers in the rat lung.]. Aerosol Sci. 20:355–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman, D. W., Crump, K. S., Chatfield, E. J., Davis, J. M. G., and Jones, A. D. 1995. The sizes shapes and mineralogy of asbestos structures that induce lung tumors or mesothelioma in AF/HAN rats following inhalation. Risk Anal. 15:181–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. M. 1998. The scientific and health related reasons for fiber classification by the EC. Proc. VD1 (Verein Deutscher lngenieure) Berichte 1417. Dusseldorf, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Bernstein, D. M., Morscheidt, C., Grimm, H. G., Thevenaz, P., and Teichert, U. 1996. Evaluation of soluble fibers using the inhalation biopersistence model, a nine-fiber comparison. lnhal. Toxicol. 8:345–385.
   Google Scholar
• Berry, G. 1999. Models for mesothelioma incidence following exposure to fibers in terms of timing and duration of exposure and the biopersistence of the fibers. lnhal. Toxicol. 11:111–130.
   Google Scholar
• Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. 1999. Formaldehyde. Hazard characterization and dose-response assessment for carcinogenicity by the route of inhalation, rev. ed. Research Triangle Park, NC: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, J. M. G. 1989. Mineral fiber carcinogenesis: experimental data relating to the importance of fiber type, size, deposition, dissolution and migration. In Non-occupational exposure to mineral fibers, eds. J. Bignon, J. Peto, and R. Saracci, pp. 33–46. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, pub. no. 90.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, J. M. G., Beckett, S. T., Bolton, R. E., Collings, P., and Middleton, A. P. 1978. Mass and num-ber of fibers in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related lung disease in rats. Br. J. Cancer 37:673–688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastes, W., and Hadley, J. G. 1995. Dissolution of fibers inhaled by rats. lnhal. Toxicol. 7:179–196.
   Google Scholar
• Eastes, W., and Hadley, J. G. 1996. A mathematical model of fiber carcinogenicity and fibrosis in inhalation and intraperitoneal experiments in rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 8:323–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt, J. I. 1994. Mechanisms of fiber-induced diseases: implications for the safety evaluation of syn-thetic vitreous fibers. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 20:568–575.
   Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., and Barrett, J. C. 1985. Induction by asbestos fibers of anaphase abnormalities; Mechanism for aneuploidy induction and possible carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis6:473–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesterberg, T. W., Butterick, C. J., Oshimura, M., Brody, A. R., and Barrett, J. C. 1986. Role of phagocytosis in Syrian hamster cell transformation and cytogenetic effects induced by asbestos and short and long glass fibers. Cancer Res. 46:5795–5802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgson, J. T., and Darnton, A. 2000. The quantitative risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 44:565–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC. 1988. Man-made mineral fibres and radon. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum. 43. IARC. 1996. Mechanisms of fibre carcinogenesis. ARC Scientific Publications, vol. 140. Lyon: IARC. International Labour Organization. 1990. Safety in the use of mineral and synthetic fibres. Occupational Safety and Health Series 61. Geneva: ILO.
   Google Scholar
• Korkina, L. G., Durnev, A. D., and Suslova, T. B. 1992. Oxygen radical mediated mutagenic effect of asbestos on human lymphocytes: Suppression by oxygen radical scavengers. Mutat. Res. 265: 245–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxim, L. D., Mast, R. W., Utell, M. J., Yu, C. P., Boymel, P. M., Zoitos, B. K., and Cason, J. E. 1999. Hazard assessment and risk analysis of two new synthetic vitreous fibers. ReguL ToxicoL Pharmacol. 30:54–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnell, E. I. 2000. A science-based paradigm for the classification of SVFs. ReguL Toxicol. Pharmacol. 23:14–21.
   Google Scholar
• McConnell, E . E., Axten, C., Hesterberg, T. W., Chevalier, J., Miiller, W. C., Everitt, J., Oberdorster, G., Chase, G. R., Thevenaz, P., and Kotin, P. 1999. Studies on the inhalation toxi-cology of two fiberglasses and amosite asbestos in the Syrian golden hamster. Part II. Results of chronic exposure. InhaL ToxicoL 11:785–835.
   Google Scholar
• Moolgavkar, S. H., Luebeck, E. G., Turim, J., and Hanna, L. 1999. Quantitative assessment of the risk of lung cancer associated with occupational exposure to refractory ceramic fibers. Risk Anal. 19:599–611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolgavkar, S. H., Luebeck, E. G., Turim, J., and Brown, R. C. 2000. Lung cancer risk associated with exposure to man-made fibers. Drug Chem. ToxicoL 23:223–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolgavkar, S. H., Turim, J., Brown, R. C., and Luebeck, E. G. 2001a. Long man-made fibers and lung cancer risk. ReguL Toxicol. PharmacoL 33:138–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolgavkar, S. H., Turim, J., and Brown, R. C. 2001b. The power of the European Union protocol to test for carcinogenicity of inhaled fibers. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 33:350–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pott, F. 1978. Some aspects of the dosimetry of the carcinogenic potency of asbestos and other fibrous dusts. Staub-Reinhalt. Luft38:486–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pott, F., Roller, M., Kamino, K., and Bellmann, B. 1994. Significance of durability of mineral fibers for their toxicity and carcinogenic potency in the abdominal cavity of rats in comparison with the low sensitivity of inhalation studies. Environ. Health Perspect. 102\(suppl 5):1 45–150.
   Google Scholar
• Searl, A. 1994. A review of the durability of inhaled fibres and options for the design of safer fibres. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 38:839–855.
   Google Scholar
• Stanton, M. F., and Layard, M. 1978. The carcinogenicity of fibrous minerals. In Workshop on asbestos: Definitions and measurement methods, pp. 143-151. National Bureau of Standards Special Pub. 506. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards.
   Google Scholar
• Stanton, M. F., Blackwell, R., and Miller, E. 1969. Experimental pulmonary carcinogenesis with asbestos. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 30:236–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanton, M. F., Layard, M., Tegeris, A., Miller, E., May, M., and Kent, E. 1977. Carcinogenicity of fibrous glass: pleural response in relation to fiber dimension.]. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58:587–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorwald, A. J., Durkan, T. M., and Pratt, P. C. 1951. Experimental studies of asbestosis. AMA Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 3:1–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner, J. C. 1962. Experimental production of mesothelial tumors of the pleura by implantation of dusts in laboratory animals. Nature 196:180–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C. P., Zhang, L., Oberdorster, G., Mast, R. W., Glass, L. R., and Utell, M. J. 1994. Deposition modeling of refractory ceramic fibers in the rat lung.]. Aerosol Sci. 25:407–417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C. P., Ding, Y. J., Zhang, L., Oberdorster, G., Mast, R. W., Maxim, L. D., and Utell, M. J. 1996. A clearance model of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in the rat lung including fiber dissolution and breakage.]. Aerosol Sci. 27:151–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C. P., Ding, Y. J., Zhang, L., Oberdorster, G., Mast, R. W., Maxim, L. D., and Utell, M. J. 1997. Retention modeling of refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) in humans. Regul. Toxicol. PharmacoL 25: 18–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C. P., Dai, Y. T., Boymel, P. M., Zoitos, B. K., Oberdorster, G., and Utell, M. J. 1998. A clearance model of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs) in the rat lung. Inhal. Toxicol. 10:253–274.
   Google Scholar
• Zoitos, B. K., DeMeringo, A., Royer, E., Theloban, S., Bauer, J., Law, J., Boymel, P., Olsen, J. R., Christensen, V. R., Guldberg, M., Koenig, A. R., and Perander, M. 1997. In vitro measurement of fiber dissolution rate relevant to biopersistence at neutral pH: An interlaboratory round robin. InhaL Toxicol. 9:525–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar