EFFECT OF FLOW RATE ON PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN A REPLICA OF A HUMAN NASAL AIRWAY

REFERENCES

• Anand, N. K., McFarland, A. R., Kihm, K. D., and Wong, F. S. 1992. Optimization of aerosol penetra-tion through transport lines. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 16:105–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belshe, R. B., Mendelman, P. M., Treanor, J., King, J., Gruber, W. C., Piedra, P., Berstein, D. I., Hayden, F. G., Kotloff, K., Zangwill, K., lacuzio, D., Wolff, M., Reisinger, K., Block, S. L., Wittes, J., and Rabinovich, R. 1998. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenzavirus vaccine in children. N. Engl.]. Med. 338:1405–1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, T. L., Schreck, R. M., and Lippmann, M. 1980. Effect of the laryngeal jet on particle deposition in the human trachea and upper bronchial airways. Aerosol Sci. 11:447–459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, K. H., Cheng, Y. S., Yeh, H. C., Guilmette, R. A., Simpson, S. Q., Yang, Y. H., and Swift, D. L. 1996. In vivo measurements of nasal airway dimensions and ultrafine aerosol deposition in the human nasal and oral airways./ Aerosol Sci. 27:1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y. S., Yeh, H. C., and Swift, D. L. 1991. Aerosol deposition in human nasal airway for parti-cles 1 nm to 20 pm. Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 38:41–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, J. D. 1997. Prevalence of selected chronic conditions: United States, 1990–1992. National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Health Stat., Ser. 10, No. 194.
   Google Scholar
• Dockery, D. W., and Pope, C. A. 1994. Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu. Rev. Public Health 15:107–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorrian, M. D., and Bailey, M. R. 1995. Particle size distributions of radioactive aerosols measured in the workplaces. Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 60:119–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacomelli-Maltoni, G., Melandri, C., Prodi, V., and Tarroni, G. 1972. Deposition efficiency of monodisperse particles in human respiratory tract. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc.]. 33:603–610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilmette, R. A., and Gagliano, T. J. 1994. Construction of a model of human nasal airway using in vivo morphometric data. Ann. Occup. Hyg. Suppl. 38:69–75.
   Google Scholar
• Guilmette, R. A., Wicks, J. D., and Wolfe, R. K. 1989. Morphometry of human nasal airways in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging./ Aerosol Med. 2:365–377.
   Google Scholar
• Guilmette, R. A., Cheng, Y. S., Yeh, H. C., and Swift, D. L. 1994. Deposition of 0.005-12 micrometer monodisperse particles in a computer-milled MR-imaging-based nasal airway replica. Inhal. Toxicol. 6\(suppl. 1):395–399.
   Google Scholar
• Guilmette, R. A., Birchall, A., and Jarvis, N. 1998. Effect of uncertainty in nasal airway deposition of radioactive particles on effective dose. Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 79:245–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haight, J., and Cole, P. 1984. Reciprocating nasal airflow resistances. Acta Otolaryngol. 97:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyder, J., and Rudolf, G. 1977. Deposition of aerosol particles in the human nose. In Inhaled parti-cles IV, ed. W. H. Walton, pp. 107-126. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hounam, R. F., Black, A., and Walsh, M. 1971. The deposition of aerosol particles in the nasopha-ryngeal region of the human respiratory tract. J. Aerosol Sci. 2:47–61.
   Google Scholar
• Hoyert, D. L., Kochanek, K. D., and Murphy, S. L. 1999. Deaths: Final data for 1997. National Vital Statistics Reports 47(19):1–105.
   Google Scholar
• International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1994. Human respiratory tract model for radio-logical protection. Ann. 1CRP Publ. 66, 24(1–3).
   Google Scholar
• Itoh, H., Smaldone, G. C., Swift, D. L., and Wagner, H. N. 1985. Mechanisms of aerosol deposition in a nasal model.]. Aerosol Sci. 16:529–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, D. S., Lambert, W. E., Mermier, C. M., Stidley, C. A., Chick, T. W., and Samet, J. M. 1997. Oronasal distribution of ventilation at different ages. Arch. Environ. Health 52:118–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyhani, K., Scherer, P. W., and Mozell, M. M. 1995. Numerical simulation of airflow in the human nasal cavity.]. Biomech. Eng. 117:253–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landahl, H. D., and Black, S. 1947. Penetration of airborne particulates through the human nose.]. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 29:269–277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis, J. L., and Dahl, A. R. 1995. Handbook of olfaction and gustation. In Olfactory mucosa: Com-position, enzymatic localization, and metabolism, ed. R. L. Doty, pp. 33-52. New York: Marcel Dekker.
   Google Scholar
• Lippmann, M. 1970. Deposition and clearance of inhaled particles in the human nose. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 79:519–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippmann, M., Albert, R. E., and Peterson, H. J. 1977. The regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in man. Inhaled particles III, ed. W. H. Walton, pp. 105–122. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Martonen, T., and Yang, Y. 1993. Simulation of aerosol deposition in extrathoracic and laryngeal passages of the laboratory rat.]. Aerosol Sci. 24:103–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martonen, T., and Zhang, Z. 1992. Comments on Recent Data for Particle Deposition in Human Nasal Passages.]. Aerosol Sci. 23:667–674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niinimaa, V., Cole, P., and Mintz, L. 1980. The switching point from oral to oronasal breathing. Respir. Physiol. 42:61–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pattie, R. E. 1977. The retention of gases and particles in the human nose. In Inhaled particles IV, ed. W. H. Walton, pp. 107-126. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Podoshin, L., Gertner, R., Fradis, M., and Berger, A. 1991. Incidence and treatment of deviation of nasal septum in newborns. Ear Nose Throat]. 70(8):485–487.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pope, C. A., Dockery, D. W., Spengler, J. D., and Raizenne, M. E. 1991. Respiratory health and PK() pollution. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144:668–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarangapani, R., and Wexler, A. 2000. Modeling particle deposition in extrathoracic airways. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 32:72–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman, S. 1997. Nasal calcitonin. Endocrine2:199–202.
   Google Scholar
• Subramaniam, R., Richardson, R., Morgan, K., Guilmette, R., and Kimbell, J. 1998. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of inspiratory airflow in the human nose and nasopharynx. Inhal. Toxicol. 10:91–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift, D. L. 1991. Inspiratory inertial deposition of aerosols in human nasal airway replicate casts: Implication for the proposed NCRP lung model. Radiat. Protect. Dosim. 38:29–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torjussen, W. 1983. Tumor pathology. In Histopathological findings and nickel concentrations in the nasal mucosa of nickel workers, and a short review of chromium and arsenic, eds. G. Reznik and S. F. Stinson, pp. 33–53. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Trotter, J. P. 2000. The treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: Cost implications of pharmacotherapy for managed care. Manage. Care Interface 1:60–62.
   Google Scholar
• Virtue, J. 1972. The relationship between the refining of nickel and cancer of the nasal cavity. Can.]. Otolaryngol. 1:37.
   Google Scholar
• Whittemore, A. S., and Korn, E. L. 1980. Asthma and air pollution in the Los Angeles area. Am. J. Public Health 70:687–696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada, Y., Cheng, Y. S., Yeh, H. C., and Swift, D. L. 1988. Inspiratory and expiratory deposition of ultrafine particles in a human nasal cast. Inhal. Toxicol. 1:1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Zwartz, G. J., and Guilmette, R. A. 1999. A charge coupled device system to image local particle deposition patterns in a model of a human nasal airway. Aerosol Sci. TechnoL 30:489–504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar