DNA Methylation, Cell Proliferation, and Histopathology in Rats Following Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Dimethyl Sulfate

REFERENCES

• American Council of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2002; Threshold limit values (TLVs™) for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indicies (BEIs™). Cincinnati, OH, ACGIH
   Google Scholar
• Belinsky S. A., White C. M., Boucheron J. A., Richardson F. C., Swenberg J. A., Anderson M.. 1986. Accumulation and persistence of DNA adducts in respiratory tissue of rats following multiple administrations of the tobacco specific carcinogen 5-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Cancer Res.. 46: 1280–1284. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belinsky S. A., White, Catherine M., Devereux T. R., Swenberg J. A., Anderson M. W.. 1987. Cell selective alkylation of DNA in rat lung following low dose exposure to the tobacco specific carcinogen 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosoamino-)-3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Cancer Res.. 47: 6058–6065. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beranek D. T.. 1990. Distribution of methyl and ethyl adducts following alkylation with monofunctional alkylating agents. Mutat. Res.. 231: 11–30. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beranek D. T., Weis C. C., Swenson D. H.. 1980. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of methylated and ethylated DNA using high pressure liquid chromatography. Carcinogenesis. 1: 595–606. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blin N., Stafford D. W.. 1971. A general method for the isolation of high molecular weight DNA from eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res.. 3: 2303–2313
   Google Scholar
• Bogdanffy M. S., Randall H. W., Morgan K. T.. 1987. Biochemical quantitation and histochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal passages of the Fisher-344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 88: 183–194. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogdanffy M. W., Mathison B. H., Kuykendall J. R., Harman A. E.. 1997. Critical factors in assessing risk from exposure to nasal carcinogens. Mutat. Res.. 380: 125–141. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush M. L., Frederick C. B., Kimbell J. S., Ultman J. S.. 1998. A CFD-PBPK hybrid model for simulating gas and vapor uptake in the rat nose. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 150: 133–145. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casanova M., Morgan K. T., Gross E. A., Moss O. R., Heck H., d'A.. 1994. DNA–protein cross-links and cell replication at specific sites in the nose of F344 rats exposed subchronically to formaldehyde. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.. 23: 525–536. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connolly K. M., Bogdanffy M. S.. 1993. Evaluation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as an endogenous marker of cell proliferation in rat liver: A dual-stain comparison with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine. J. Histochem. Cytochem.. 41: 1–6. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl A. R., Hadley W. M.. 1983. Formaldehyde production promoted by rat nasal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases with nasal decongestants, essences, solvents, air pollutants, nicotine, and cocaine as substrates. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 67: 200–205. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druckrey H., Preussmann R., Nashed N., Ivankovic S.. 1966. Carcinogene alkylierende Substanzen, I. Dimethylsulfat, carcinogene Wirkung an Ratten und wahrscheinliche Ursache von Berufskrebs. Z. Krebsforch.. 68: 103–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Druckrey H., Kruse H., Preussman R., Ivankovic S., Landschütz C.. 1970. Carcinogene alkylierends Substanzen, I., Dimethylsulfat, carcinogene Wirkung and Ratten und wahrscheinliche Ursache von Berufskrebs. Z. Krebforsch.. 74: 241–273
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Druckrey H., Gimmy J., Landschütz C.. 1973. Cancerogenicity of di-isopropylsulfate and non-cancerogenicity of monomethylsulphate in bd-rats. Z. Krebforsch.. 79: 135–140
   Google Scholar
• Drouin R., Therrien J. P., Angers M., Ouellet S.. 2001. In vivo DNA analysis. Methods Mol. Biol.. 148: 175–219. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eatough D. J., Lee M. L., Later D. W., Richter B. E., Eatough N. L., Hansen L. D.. 1981. Dimethyl sulfate in particulate matter from coal- and oil-fired power Plants. Environ. Sci. Technol.. 15: 1502–1506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezaz-Nikpay K., Verdine G. L.. 1994. The effects of N7-methylguanine on duplex DNA structure. Chem. Biol.. 1: 235–240. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frenkel K., Zhong Z., Weis H., Karkoszka J., Patel U., Rashid K., Georgescu M., Solomon J. J.. 1991. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of DNA oxidized in vitro and in vivo.. Anal. Biochem.. 196: 126–136. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herron D. C., Shank R. C.. 1981. Methylation of liver DNA guanine in hydrazine hepatotoxicity: Dose-response and kinetic characteristics of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine formation and persistence in rats. Anal. Biochem.. 100: 58–62
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman G. R.. 1980. Genetic effects of dimethyl sulfate, diethyl sulfate, and related compounds. Mutat. Res.. 75: 63–129
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ibeanu G., Hartgenstein B., Dunn W. C., Chang L. Y., Hofmann E., Coquerelle T., Mitra S., Kaina B.. 1992. Overexpression of human DNA repair protein N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase results in the increased removal on N-methylpurines in DNA without a concomitant increase in resistence to alkylating agents in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Carcinogenesis. 13: 1989–1995. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1974. Some aromatic amines, hydrazines, and related substances, N-nitroso compounds and miscellaneous alkylating agents. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen.. 4: 271–276
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987. Overall evaluation of carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC Monographs, Vol. 1–42. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks. Hum. Suppl.. 7: 131–133, 200–201
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1999; IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum., 71 Part. 2: 575–588
   Google Scholar
• Kaina B., Ochs K., Grosch S., Fritz G., Lips J., Tomicic M., Dunkern T., Christmann M.. 2001. BER, MGMT, and MMR in defense against alkylation-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol.. 68: 41–54. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimbell J. S., Gross E. A., Joyner D. R., Godo M. N., Morgan K. T.. 1993. Application of computational fluid dynamics to regional dosimetry of inhaled chemicals in the upper respiratory tract of the rat. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 121: 253–263. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klungland A., Gairbairn L., Watson A. J., Margison G. P., Seeberg E.. 1992. Expression of the E. coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I gene in mammalian cells reduces the toxic and mutagenic effects of methylating agents. EMBO J.. 11: 4439–4444. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawley P. D.. 1966. Effects of some chemical mutagens and carcinogens on nucleic acids. Prog. Nuc. Acid Res. Mol. Biol.. 5: 89–131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee M. L., Later D. W., Rollins D. K., Eatough D. J., Hansen L. D.. 1980. Dimethyl and monomethyl sulfate: Presence in coal fly ash and airborne particulate matter. Science. 207: 186–188. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindahl T., Sedgwick B., Sekiguchi M., Nakabeppu Y.. 1988. Regulation and expression and the adaptive response to alkylating agents. Annu. Rev. Biochem.. 57: 133–157. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löfroth G., Osterman-Golkar S., Wennerberg R.. 1974. Urinary excretion of methylated purines following inhalation of dimethyl sulphate. Experientia. 30: 641–642
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathison B. H., Said B., Shank R. C.. 1993. Effects of 5-methylcytosine as a neighboring base on N-methyle-N-nitrosourea binding to DNA guanine. Carcinogenesis. 14: 323–327. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathison B. H., Taylor M. L., Bogdanffy M. S.. 1995. Dimethyl sulfate uptake and methylation of DNA in rat respiratory tissues following acute inhalation. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.. 28: 255–263. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller M. C., Mohrenweiser H. W., Bell D. A.. 2001. Genetic variability in susceptibility and response to toxicants. Toxicol Lett.. 120: 269–280. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monticello T. M., Morgan K. T.. 1997. Chemically-induced nasal carcinogenesis and epithelial cell proliferation: A brief review. Mutat. Res.. 380: 27–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris J. B., Hassett D. N., Blanchard K. T.. 1993. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for nasal uptake and metabolism of nonreactive vapors. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 123: 120–129. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newbold R. F., Warren W., Medcalf A. S. C., Amos J.. 1980. Mutagenicity of carcinogenic methylating agents is associated with a specific DNA modification. Nature. 283: 596–599. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NOES, 1997. National Occupational Exposure Survey 1981–83, Unpublished data as of November 1997. Cincinnati, OHU.S., Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.
   Google Scholar
• OSHA, 1996. Updating permissible exposure limits (PELS) for air contaminants; Meeting. Fed. Reg.. 61: 1947–1950
   Google Scholar
• Pell S.. 1972; Epidemiologic study of dimethyl sulfate and cancer of the respiratory system. Wilmington, DE, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
   Google Scholar
• Plowchalk D. R., Andersen M. E., Bogdanffy M. S.. 1997. Physiologically based modeling of vinyl acetate uptake, metabolis, and intracellular pH changes in the rat nasal cavity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.. 142: 386–400. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronen A., Glickman B. W.. 2001. Human DNA repair genes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen.. 37: 241–283. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffhill R., Margison G. P., O'Connor P. J.. 1985. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents. Biochim. Biophys. Acta.. 823: 111–145. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlögel F. A.. 1972. Carcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of inhaled dimethyl sulfate. Institute of pharmacology and toxicology. p. 95, Wurzburg, University of Wurzburg
   Google Scholar
• Swain C. G., Scott C. B.. 1953. Quantitative correlation of relative rates. Comparison of hydroxide ion with other nucleophilic reagents toward alkyl halides, esters, epoxides and acyl halides. J. Am. Chem. Soc.. 75: 141–147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann P. F.. 1968. The ratre of breakdown of methyl methanesulphonate, dimethyl sulphate and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the rat. Biochem. J.. 110: 49–52. [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann P. F., Magee P. N.. 1968. Nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. The alkylation of nucleic acids of the rat by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, dimethylnitrosamine, dimethyl sulphate and methyl methanesulphonate. Biochem. J.. 110: 37–47
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swenson D. H., Lawley P. D.. 1978. Alkylation of deoxyribonucleic acid by carcinogens dimethyl sulphate, ethyl methanesulphonate, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (relative reactivity of the phosphodiester site thymidylyl (3′-5′)thymidine). Biohem. J.. 171: 575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1997; Hazardous substance data bank (HDSB). Bethesda, MD, Record No. 528.
   Google Scholar
• Wells S. E., Hughes J. M., Igel A. G., Ares M., Jr.. 2000. Use of dimethyl sulfate to probe RNA structure in vivo. Methods Enzymol.. 318: 479–493. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye N., Holmquist G. P., O'Connor T. R.. 1998. Heterogeneous repair of N-methylpurines at the nucleotide level in normal human cells. J. Mol. Biol.. 284: 269–285. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young J. T.. 1981. Histopathologic examination of the rat nasal cavity. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.. 1: 309–312. [CROSSREF], [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar