Effects of Sample Preparation on Chemistry, Cytotoxicity, and Inflammatory Responses Induced by Air Particulate Matter

REFERENCES

• Becker S., Soukup J. M., Gilmour M. I., Devlin R. B. Stimulation of human and rat alveolar macrophages by urban air particulates: Effects on oxidant radical generation and cytokine production. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1996; 141: 637–648, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker S., Soukup J. M., Sioutas C., Cassee F. R. Response of human alveolar macrophages to ultrafine, fine and coarse urban air pollution particles. Exp. Lung Res. 2003; 29(1)29–44, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang M., Sioutas C., Cassee F. R., Fokkens P. H. P. Field evaluation of a mobile high-capacity particle size classifier (HCPSC) for separation of coarse, fine and ultrafine particles. J. Aerosol Sci. 2001; 32: 139–156, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demokritou P., Kavouras I. G., Ferguson S. T., Koutrakis P. Development of a high volume cascade impactor for toxicological and chemical characterization studies. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2002; 36: 925–933, [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green L. C., Wagner D. A., Glogowski J., Skipper P. L., Wishnok J. S., Tannenbaum S. R. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite and [15N] nitrate in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. 1982; 126: 131–138, [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hälinen A. I., Komulainen H., Salonen R. O., Ruotsalainen M., Hirvonen M.-R. Diesel particles induce nitric oxide production in murine alveolar macrophages and rat airways. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 1999; 7: 11–18, [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Huang S.-L., Cheng W.-L., Lee C.-T., Huang H.-C., Chan C.-C. Contribution of endotoxin in macrophage cytokine response to ambient air particles in vitro. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 2002; 65: 1261–1272, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imrich A., Ning Y. Y., Kobzik L. Insoluble components of concentrated air particles mediate alveolar macrophage responses in vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2000; 167: 140–150, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavouras I. G., Ferguson S. T., Wolfson J. M., Koutrakis P. Development and validation of a high-volume, low-cutoff inertial impactor. Inhal. Toxicol. 2000; 12(suppl. 2)35–50, [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall M., Tetley T. D., Wigzell E., Hutton B., Nieuwenhuijsen M., Luckham P. Lung lining liquid modifies PM2.5 in favor of particle aggregation: A protective mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2002; 282: L109–L114, [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinelli A. R., Madden M. C., Mc Gee J. K., Stonehuerner J. G., Ghio A. J. Effect of metal removal on the toxicity of airborne particulate matter from the Utah Valley. Inhal. Toxicol. 2002; 14: 1069–1086, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monn C., Becker S. Cytotoxicity and induction of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes exposed to fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10–2.5) in outdoor and indoor air. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1999; 155: 245–252, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monn C., Naef R., Koller T. Reaction of macrophages exposed to particles < 10 μ m. Environ. Res. 2003; 91: 35–44, [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakkanen T. A., Loukkola K., Korhonen C. H., Aurela M., Mäkelä T., Hillamo R. E., Aarnio P., Koskentalo T., Kousa A., Maenhaut W. Sources and chemical composition of atmospheric fine and coarse particles in the Helsinki area. Atmos. Environ. 2001; 35: 5381–5391, [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pozzi R., De Berardis B., Paoletti L., Guastadisegni C. Inflammatory mediators induced by coarse (PM2.5–10) and fine (PM2.5) urban air particles in RAW264.7 cells. Toxicology 2003; 183: 243–254, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen R. O., Pennanen A. S., Hälinen A. I., Hirvonen M.-R., Sillanpää M., Hillamo R., Karlsson V., Koskentalo T., Aarnio P., Ferguson S., Koutrakis P. A chemical and toxicological comparison of urban air PM10 collected during winter and spring in Finland. Inhal. Toxicol. 2000; 12(suppl. 2)95–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen R. O., Hälinen A. I., Pennanen A. S., Hirvonen M.-R., Sillanpää M., Hillamo R., Shi T., Borm P., Sandell E., Koskentalo T., Aarnio P. Chemical and in vitro toxicologic characterization of wintertime and springtime urban-air particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm in Helsinki. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health 2004; 30(suppl. 2)80–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandell E., Kiviranta A., Tuominen J., Aarnio P. Concentration levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air in Finland. Fresenius Environ. Bull. 1999; 8: 567–575, [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schins R. P. F., Lightbody J. H., Borm P. J. A., Shi T., Donaldson K., Stone V. Inflammatory effects of coarse and fine particulate matter in relation to chemical and biological constituents. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004; 195(1)1–11, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillanpää M., Hillamo R., Mäkelä T., Pennanen A. S., Salonen R. O. Field and laboratory tests of a high volume cascade impactor. J. Aerosol Sci. 2003; 34: 485–500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent R., Goegan P., Johson G., Brook J. R., Kumarathasan P., Bouthillier L., Burnett R. T. Regulation of promoter-CAT stress genes in HepG2 cells by suspension of particles from ambient air. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1997; 39: 18–32, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization. Selected non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental Health Criteria 202. WHO International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), GenevaSwitzerland 1998
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines for Europe. 2nd ed. WHO Regional Publications. European Series, no. 91., WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark 2000
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark 2003, Report EUR/03/5042688 of working group, Bonn, Germany, 13–15 January 2003
   Google Scholar