The presence of erionite in North American geologies and the estimated mesothelioma potency by region

References

• Artvinli M, Baris YI. 1982. Environmental fiber-induced pleuro-pulmonary diseases in an Anatolian village: an epidemiologic study. Arch Environ Health. 37(3):177–181. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1982.10667559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artvinli M, Baris YI. 1985. Erionite-related diseases in Turkey NATO advanced research workshop on in vitro effects of mineral dusts. Schluchsee, Germany, In Vitro Effects of Mineral Austs: Third International Workshop; Schluchsee, Germany. Springer-Verlag. p. 515–519.
   Google Scholar
• Artvinli M, Bariş YI. 1979. Malignant mesotheliomas in a small village in the Anatolian region of Turkey: an epidemiologic study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 63(1):17–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ballirano P, Andreozzi GB, Dogan M, Dogan AU. 2009. Crystal structure and iron topochemistry of erionite-K from Rome, Oregon, U.S.A. Am Mineral. 94(8–9):1262–1270. doi: 10.2138/am.2009.3163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baris I, Simonato L, Artvinli M, Pooley F, Saracci R, Skidmore J, Wagner C. 1987. Epidemiological and environmental evidence of the health effects of exposure to erionite fibres: a four-year study in the Cappadocian region of Turkey. Int J Cancer. 39(1):10–17. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910390104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baris YI. 1991. Fibrous zeolite (erionite)-related diseases in Turkey. Am J Ind Med. 19(3):374–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bariş YI, Artvinli M, Sahin AA. 1979. Environmental mesothelioma in Turkey. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 330(1):423–432. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18744.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baris YI, Sahin AA, Ozesmi M, Kerse I, Ozen E, Kolacan B, Altinörs M, Göktepeli A. 1978. An outbreak of pleural mesothelioma and chronic fibrosing pleurisy in the village of Karain/Urgüp in Anatolia. Thorax. 33(2):181–192. doi: 10.1136/thx.33.2.181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baris YI, Saracci R, Simonato L, Skidmore JW, Artvinli M. 1981. Malignant mesothelioma and radiological chest abnormalities in two villages in Central Turkey: an epidemiological and environmental investigation. Lancet. 1(8227):984–987. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91742-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaucham C, Harper M, King B, Dozier A. 2015. Evaluation of erionite and silica exposure during forestry activities: HHE report No. 2013-0061-3244. Cincinnati, OH: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health; Nov 2015. p. 1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Berry D, Januch J, Woodbury L, Kent D. 2019. Detection of erionite and other zeolite fibers in soil by the fluidized bed preparation methodology. Microscope. 67(4):147–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bish DL, Ming DW. 2018. Natural zeolites: occurrence, properties, applications. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
   Google Scholar
• Brunner TJ, Wick P, Manser P, Spohn P, Grass RN, Limbach LK, Bruinink A, Stark WJ. 2006. In vitro cytotoxicity of oxide nanoparticles: comparison to asbestos, silica, and the effect of particle solubility. Environ Sci Technol. 40(14):4374–4381. doi: 10.1021/es052069i.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone M, Baris YI, Bertino P, Brass B, Comertpay S, Dogan AU, Gaudino G, Jube S, Kanodia S, Partridge CR, et al. 2011. Erionite exposure in North Dakota and Turkish villages with mesothelioma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108(33):13618–13623. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1105887108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbone M, Emri S, Dogan AU, Steele I, Tuncer M, Pass HI, Baris YI. 2007. A mesothelioma epidemic in Cappadocia: scientific developments and unexpected social outcomes. Nat Rev Cancer. 7(2):147–154. doi: 10.1038/nrc2068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carthew P, Hill RJ, Edwards RE, Lee PN. 1992. Intrapleural administration of fibres induces mesothelioma in rats in the same relative order of hazard as occurs in man after exposure. Hum Exp Toxicol. 11(6):530–534. doi: 10.1177/096032719201100615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamberlain M, Tarmy EM. 1977. Asbestos and glass fibres in bacterial mutation tests. Mutat Res. 43(2):159–164. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(77)90001-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coffin DL, Cook PM, Creason JP. 1992. Relative mesothelioma induction in rats by mineral fibers: comparison with residual pulmonary mineral fiber number and epidemiology. Inhalation Toxicol. 4(3):273–300. doi: 10.3109/08958379209145671.
   Google Scholar
• Croce A, Allegrina M, Rinaudo C, Gaudino G, Yang H, Carbone M. 2015. Numerous iron-rich particles lie on the surface of erionite fibers from Rome (Oregon, US) and Karlik (Cappadocia, Turkey). Microsc Microanal. 21(5):1341–1347. doi: 10.1017/S1431927615014762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darnton L. 2023. Quantitative assessment of mesothelioma and lung cancer risk based on Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) estimates of fibre exposure: an update of 2000 asbestos cohort data. Environ. Res. 230:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Davis JMG, Bolton RE, Miller BG, Niven K. 1991. Mesothelioma dose response following intraperitoneal injection of mineral fibres. Int J Exp Path. 72(3):263–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deffeyes KS. 1959. Eronite from cenozoic tuffaceous sediments, central Nevada. Am Mineral. 44(5–6):501–509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Carlo MC, Ballirano P, Montereali MR, Caprioli R, Nardi E, Pacella A. 2023. An insight on possible toxicity mechanism of fibrous erionite. Periodic Mineral. 92(2):191–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikensoy O. 2008. Mesothelioma due to environmental exposure to erionite in Turkey. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 14(4):322–325. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e3282fcea65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan AU. 2003. Mesothelioma in Cappadocian Villages. Indoor Built Environ. 12(6):367–375. doi: 10.1177/1420326X03039065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan AU, Baris YI, Dogan M, Emri S, Steele I, Elmishad AG, Carbone M. 2006. Genetic predisposition to fiber carcinogenesis causes a mesothelioma epidemic in Turkey. Cancer Res. 66(10):5063–5068. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan AU, Dogan M. 2008. Re-evaluation and re-classification of erionite series minerals. Environ Geochem Health. 30(4):355–366. doi: 10.1007/s10653-008-9163-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan AU, Dogan M, Hoskins JA. 2008. Erionite series minerals: mineralogical and carcinogenic properties. Environ Geochem Health. 30(4):367–381. doi: 10.1007/s10653-008-9165-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dog M. 2003. Sources and types of mineral dust in regions of Turkey with endemic malignant mesothelioma. Indoor Built Environ. 12(6):377–383. doi: 10.1177/1420326X03038960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eakle A. 1898. Erionite, a new Zeolite. Am J Sci s4-6(31):66–68. doi: 10.2475/ajs.s4-6.31.66.
   Google Scholar
• Eberly Jr PE. 1964. Adsorption properties of naturally occurring erionite and its cationic-exchanged forms. Am Mineral. 49(1–2):30–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eborn SK, Aust AE. 1995. Effect of iron acquisition on induction of DNA single-strand breaks by erionite, a carcinogenic mineral fiber. Arch Biochem Biophys. 316(1):507–514. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1995.1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyde T, Sheppard R, Barclay CV. 1987. Geology, mineralogy, and mining of the Bowie zeolite deposit Graham and Cochise Counties, Arizona. Zeo Trip. 87. p. 27–46.
   Google Scholar
• Fach E, Kristovich R, Long JF, Waldman WJ, Dutta PK, Williams MV. 2003. The effect of iron on the biological activities of erionite and mordenite. Environ Int. 29(4):451–458. doi: 10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00193-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farcas D. 2015. Erionite studies in custer national forest [PhD Theses]. Davis College at West Virginia University.
   Google Scholar
• Giordani M. 2017. Mineralogical study of the fibrous zeolites erionite and offretite and hazard assessment. GEO/06. Urbino, Italy: Department of Pure and Applied Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Giordani M, Di Lorenzo F, Mattioli M, Churakov SV. 2020. Erionite, offretite and stellerite: solubility assay. 22nd EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts 11324, May 4–8, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Giordani M, Mattioli M, Ballirano P, Pacella A, Cenni M, Boscardin M, Valentini L. 2017. Geological occurrence, mineralogical characterization, and risk assessment of potentially carcinogenic erionite in Italy. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 20(2):81–103. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1263586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualtieri A, Artioli G, Passaglia E, Bigi S, Viani A, Hanson J. 1998. Crystal structure-crystal chemistry relationships in the zeolites erionite and offretite. Am Mineral. 83(5–6):590–606. doi: 10.2138/am-1998-5-619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualtieri AF, Gandolfi NB, Pollastri S, Pollok K, Langenhorst F. 2016. Where is iron in erionite? A multidisciplinary study on fibrous erionite-Na from Jersey (Nevada, USA). Sci Rep. 6(1):37981. doi: 10.1038/srep37981.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gualtieri AF, Pollastri S, Bursi Gandolfi N, Gualtieri ML. 2018. In vitro acellular dissolution of mineral fibres: a comparative study. Sci Rep. 8(1):7071. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25531-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gude IAJ, Sheppard RA. 1981. Woolly erionite from the Reese River zeolite deposit, Lander County, Nevada, and its relationship to other erionites. Clays Clay Miner. 29(5):378–384. doi: 10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulmez I, Kart L, Buyukoglan H, Er O, Balkanli S, Ozesmi M. 2004. Evaluation of malignant mesothelioma in central Anatolia: a study of 67 cases. Can Respir J. 11(4):287–290. doi: 10.1155/2004/204793.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hill RJ, Edwards RE, Carthew P. 1990. Early changes in the pleural mesothelium following intrapleural inoculation of the mineral fibre erionite and the subsequent development of mesotheliomas. J Exp Pathol (Oxford). 71(1):105–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hodgson JT, Darnton A. 2000. The quantitative risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer in relation to asbestos exposure. Ann Occup Hygiene. 44(8):565–601. doi: 10.1016/S0003-4878(00)00045-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ilgren EB, Ortega Breña M, Castro Larragoitia J, Loustaunau Navarrete G, Fuentes Breña A, Krauss E, Fehér G. 2008. A reconnaissance study of a potential emerging Mexican mesothelioma epidemic due to fibrous eolite exposure. Indoor Built Environ. 17(6):496–515. doi: 10.1177/1420326X08096610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilgren EB, Pooley FD, Larragoitia JC, Talamantes M, Navarrete GL, Krauss E, Breña AF. 2008. First confirmed erionite related mesothelioma in North America. Indoor Built Environ. 17(6):567–568. doi: 10.1177/1420326X08099908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC). 1987. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs Volume 1 to 42. Supplement 7. Lyon, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 1–449.
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1987a. Erionite. IARC working group on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Lyon, France, IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: silica and some silicates; Jun 10–17, 1986. Lyon, France: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. p. 225–239.
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1987b. Silica and some silicates. Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. p. 1–239.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson NF, Edwards RE, Munday DE, Rowe N, Wagner JC. 1984. Pluripotential nature of mesotheliomata induced by inhalation of erionite in rats. Br J Exp Pathol. 65(3):377–388.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karakoca Y, Emri S, Bagci T, Demir A, Erdem Y, Baris E. 1998. Environmentally induced malignant pleural mesothelioma and HLA distribution in Turkey. Int J Tuberculosis Lung Dis. 2(12):1017–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakoca Y, Emri S, Cangir AK, Bariş YI. 1997. Environmental pleural plaques due to asbestos and fibrous zeolite exposure in Turkey. Indoor Built Environ. 6(2):100–105. doi: 10.1177/1420326X9700600208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsey KT, Yano E, Liber HL, Little JB. 1986. The in vitro genetic effects of fibrous erionite and crocidolite asbestos. Br J Cancer. 54(1):107–114. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1986.158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korchevskiy A, Rasmuson JO, Rasmuson EJ. 2019. Empirical model of mesothelioma potency factors for different mineral fibers based on their chemical composition and dimensionality. Inhal Toxicol. 31(5):180–191. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1640320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen KH, Brash D, Cleaver JE, Hart RW, Maher VM, Painter RB, Sega GA. 1982. DNA repair assays as tests for environmental mutagens. A report of the U.S. EPA Gene-Tox Program. Mutat Res. 98(3):287–318.
   Google Scholar
• Leanderson P, Tagesson C. 1992. Hydrogen peroxide release and hydroxyl radical formation in mixtures containing mineral fibres and human neutrophils. Br J Ind Med. 49(11):745–749. doi: 10.1136/oem.49.11.745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowers HA, Adams DT, Meeker GP, Nutt CJ. 2010. Chemical and morphological comparison of erionite from Oregon, North Dakota, and Turkey. 2010–1286. Reston (VA): U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. p. 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Maltoni C, Minardi F, Morisi L. 1982. Pleural mesotheliomas in Sprague-Dawley rats by erionite: first experimental evidence. Environ Res. 29(1):238–244. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(82)90024-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattioli M, Giordani M, Arcangeli P, Valentini L, Boscardin M, Pacella A, Ballirano P. 2018. Prismatic to asbestiform offretite from Northern Italy: occurrence, morphology and crystal-chemistry of a new potentially hazardous zeolite. Minerals. 8(2):69. doi: 10.3390/min8020069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattioli M, Giordani M, Dogan M, Cangiotti M, Avella G, Giorgi R, Dogan AU, Ottaviani MF.,. 2016. Morpho-chemical characterization and surface properties of carcinogenic zeolite fibers. J Hazard Mater. 306:140–148. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metintas M, Hillerdal G, Metintas S. 1999. Malignant mesothelioma due to environmental exposure to erionite: follow-up of a Turkish emigrant cohort. Eur Respir J. 13(3):523–526. doi: 10.1183/09031936.99.13352399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metintas M, Hillerdal G, Metintas S, Dumortier P. 2010. Endemic malignant mesothelioma: exposure to erionite is more important than genetic factors. Arch Environ Occup Health. 65(2):86–93. doi: 10.1080/19338240903390305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossman BT, Sesko AM. 1990. In vitro assays to predict the pathogenicity of mineral fibers. Toxicology. 60(1–2):53–61. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(90)90162-a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumpton FA. 1999. La roca magica: uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry. Paper presented at National Academy of Sciences colloquium “Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare,” held November 8–9, 1998 at the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center in Irvine, CA. p. 3463–3470.
   Google Scholar
• Nejjari A, Fournier J, Pezerat H, Leanderson P. 1993. Mineral fibres: correlation between oxidising surface activity and DNA base hydroxylation. Br J Ind Med. 50(6):501–504. doi: 10.1136/oem.50.6.501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ortega-Guerrero MA, Carrasco-Núñez G. 2014. Environmental occurrence, origin, physical and geochemical properties, and carcinogenic potential of erionite near San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. Environ Geochem Health. 36(3):517–529. doi: 10.1007/s10653-013-9578-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega-Guerrero MA, Carrasco-Núñez G, Barragán-Campos H, Ortega MR. 2015. High incidence of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma linked to erionite fibre exposure in a rural community in Central Mexico. Occup Environ Med. 72(3):216–218. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papke KG. 1972. Erionite and other associated zeolites in Nevada. Reno (NV): MacKay School of Mines, University of Nevada, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.
   Google Scholar
• Passaglia E, Artioli G, Gualtieri A. 1998. Crystal chemistry of the zeolites erionite and offretite. Am Mineral. 83(5–6):577–589. doi: 10.2138/am-1998-5-618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel JP, Brook MS, Kah M, Hamilton A. 2022. Global geological occurrence and character of the carcinogenic zeolite mineral, erionite: a review. Front Chem. 10:1066565. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1066565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelin K, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Vallas M, Vanhala E, Linnainmaa K. 1992. Cytotoxicity and anaphase aberrations induced by mineral fibres in cultured human mesothelial cells. Toxicol in Vitro. 6(5):445–450. doi: 10.1016/0887-2333(92)90051-r.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole A, Brown RC, Turver CJ, Skidmore JW, Griffiths DM. 1983. In vitro genotoxic activities of fibrous erionite. Br J Cancer. 47(5):697–705. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1983.108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezvani N, Bolduc D. 2014. Erionites. Encyclopedia of toxicology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; p. 448–452.
   Google Scholar
• Ruda TA. 2007. Investigation of zeolite systems: focus on Fenton chemistry oxidative stress from asbestos like minerals and zeolite-based dissolved oxygen sensing. Chemistry. Columbus (OH): Ohio State University. Doctor of Philosophy.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan PH, Dihle M, Griffin S, Partridge C, Hilbert TJ, Taylor R, Adjei S, Lockey JE. 2011. Erionite in road gravel associated with interstitial and pleural changes—an occupational hazard in Western United States. J Occup Environ Med. 53(8):892–898. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e318223d44c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan PH, Dihle M, Griffin S, Partridge CR, Taylor R, Hilbert TJ. 2011. Radiographic changes associated with exposure to erionite in road gravel in North Dakota. Dunn County Erionite Workgroup. American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference; May 13–18, 2011; Denver, (CO). New York (NY): American Thoracic Society. p. A4821–A4821.
   Google Scholar
• Saini-Eidukat B, Triplett JW. 2014. Erionite and offretite from the Killdeer Mountains, Dunn County, North Dakota, USA. Am Min. 99(1):8–15. doi: 10.2138/am.2014.4567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saracci R. 2015. Erionite and cancer in a Mexican Village. Occup Environ Med. 72(3):163–164. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saracci R, Simonato L, Baris Y, Artvinli M, Skidmore J. 1982. The age-mortality curve of endemic pleural mesothelioma in Karain, Central Turkey. Br J Cancer. 45(1):147–149. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1982.19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholze H, Conradt R. 1987. An in vitro study of the chemical durability of siliceous fibres. Ann Occup Hygiene. 31(4B):683–692.
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard R, Gude A. 3rd 1993. Geology and mineralogy of the Rome zeolite deposit, Rome, Oregon. Zeo-Trip ‘93—An Excursion to Selected Zeolite and Clay Deposits in Southeastern Oregon and Southwestern Idaho. Brockport, New York: International Committee on Natural Zeolites. p. 59–73.
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard RA. 1996. Occurrences of erionite in sedimentary rocks of the Western United States. Denver (CO): US Department of the Interior; p. 96–018.
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard RA, Gude 3rd AJ, Munson EL. 1965. Chemical composition of diagenetic zeolities from tuffaceous rocks of the Mojave Desert and Vicinity, California. Am Mineral J Earth Planet Mater. 50(1–2):244–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard RA, Gude AJ. 1969. Diagenesis of tuffs in the Barstow formation. Mud Hills (CA): US Govt. Printing Office. 2330–7102.
   Google Scholar
• Slater T. 1984. Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochem J. 222(1):1–15. doi: 10.1042/bj2220001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki Y, Kohyama N. 1984. Malignant mesothelioma induced by asbestos and zeolite in the mouse peritoneal cavity. Environ Res. 35(1):277–292. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90136-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timblin CR, Guthrie GD, Janssen YWM, Walsh ES, Vacek P, Mossman BT. 1998. Patterns of c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogene expression, apoptosis, and proliferation in rat pleural mesothelial cells exposed to erionite or asbestos fibers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 151(1):88–97. doi: 10.1006/taap.1998.8450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Geological Survey (USGS). 2001. Some facts about asbestos. Reston (VI): US Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). p. 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1988. Methodology for evaluating potential carcinogenicity in support of reportable quantity adjustments pursuant to CERCLA section 102. EPA/600/8-89/053. Washington (DC): Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. p. 1–57.
   Google Scholar
• Urano N, Yano E, Evans PH. 1991. Reactive oxygen metabolites produced by the carcinogenic fibrous mineral erionite. Environ Res. 54(1):74–81. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80195-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gosen BS, Blitz TA, Plumlee GS, Meeker GP, Pierson MP. 2013. Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: an emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease. Environ Geochem Health. 35(4):419–430. doi: 10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virta RL. 2003. Zeolites minerals yearbook: metals and minerals 2003. Vol. 1. Reston (VA): US Geological Survey. p. 82–85.
   Google Scholar
• Virta RL. 2006. Zeolites minerals yearbook: metals and minerals. Vol. 1. Reston (VA): US Geological Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Virta RL. 2013. Zeolites [advance release] 2013 minerals yearbook. Reston (VA): US Geological Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, J.C. 1982. Health hazards of substitutes. In: Asbestos, Health & Safety, Proceedings of the World Symposium on Asbestos, 25–27 May 1982, Montreal, QC, Canada. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Canadian Asbestos Information Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner JC, Skidmore JW, Hill RJ, Griffiths DM. 1985. Erionite exposure and mesotheliomas in rats. Br J Cancer. 51(5):727–730. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1985.108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman D, Kiefer M. 2011. Erionite–an emerging North American hazard. NIOSH science blog. Washington (DC): National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Wise W, Tschernich R. 1976. The chemical compositions and origin of the zeolites offretite, erionite, and levyne. Am Mineral. 61(9–10):853–863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wylie AG. 1979. Fiber length and aspect ratio of some selected asbestos samples. Ann NY Acad Sci. 330(1):605–610. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18766.x.
   Google Scholar
• Wylie AG. 2017. Asbestos and fibrous erionite. In: Testa J, editor. Asbestos and mesothelioma: current cancer research. Berlin, Germany: Springer; p. 11–41.
   Google Scholar
• Yanamala N, Kisin ER, Gutkin DW, Shurin MR, Harper M, Shvedova AA. 2018. Characterization of pulmonary responses in mice to asbestos/asbestiform fibers using gene expression profiles. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 81(4):60–79. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1408201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar