CIGARETTE SMOKE VAPOR-PHASE EFFECTS IN THE RAT UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

References

• Ayres, P. H., Coggins, C. R. E., Sagartz, J. W., and Burger, G. T. 1989. Induction and regression of histopathology in the rat larynx after acute exposure to smoke from 1R4F cigarettes. Toxicologist 9(1):139.
   Google Scholar
• Battista, S. P. 1976. Ciliatoxic components of cigarette smoke. In Smoking and health. I. Modifying the risk for the smoker, DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76–1221, eds. E. L. Wynder, D. Hoffmann and G. B. Gori, pp. 517–534. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner, H., and Coggins, C. R. E. 1980. Description of a continuous-smoking inhalation machine for exposing small animals to tobacco smoke. Beit. Tabakforsch. 10(3):169–174.
   Google Scholar
• Bombick, D. W., Bombick, B. R., Ayres, P. H., Putman, K., Avalos, J., Borgerding, M. F., and Doolittle, D. J. 1997. Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of mainstream whole smoke and smoke condensate from a cigarette containing a novel carbon filter. Fundam. Appl. ToxicoL 38:11–17.
   Google Scholar
• Boorman, G. A., Morgan, K. T., and Uriah, L. C. 1990. Nose, larynx and trachea. In Pathology of the Fischer rat, eds. G. A. Boorman, S. L. Eustas, M. R. Elwell, C. A. Montgomery, Jr., and W. F. MacKenzie, pp. 315–337. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Buckley, L. A., Jiang, X. Z., James, R. A., Morgan, K. T., and Barrow, C. S. 1984. Respiratory tract lesions induced by sensory irritants at the RD50 concentration. Toxicol. Appl. PharmacoL 74: 417–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger, G. T., Renne, R. A., Sagartz, J. W., Ayres, P. H., Coggins, C. R. E., Mosberg, A. T., and Hayes, A. W. 1989. Histologic changes in the respiratory tract induced by inhalation of xenobiotics: Physiologic adaptation or toxicity? Toxicol. Appl. PharmacoL 101:521–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterworth, B. L., and Goldsworthy, T. L. 1991. The role of cell proliferation in multistage carcino-genesis. Proc. Soc. Exp. BioL Med. 239:683–687.
   Google Scholar
• Coggins, C. R. E. 1998. A review of chronic inhalation studies with mainstream cigarette smoke in rats and mice. ToxicoL Pathol. 26(3):307–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggins, C. R. E., Fouillet, X. L. M., Lam, R., and Morgan, K. T. 1980. Cigarette smoke induced pathology of the rat respiratory tract: A comparison of the effects of the particulate and vapour phases. Toxicology16:83–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coggins, C. R. E., Lam, R., and Morgan, K. T. 1982. Chronic inhalation study in rats using cigarettes containing different amounts of Cytrel tobacco supplement. Toxicology 22(4):287–296.
   Google Scholar
• Eldridge, S. R., Tilbury, L. F., Goldsworthy, T. L., and Butterworth, B. E. 1990. Measurement of chem-ically-induced cell proliferation in rodent liver and kidney: A comparison of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and [31-1Ithymidine administered by injection or osmotic pump. Carcinogenesis 11:2245–2251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldridge, S. R., Bogdanffy, M. S., Jokinen, M. P., and Andrews, L. S. 1995. Effects of propylene oxide on nasal epithelial cell proliferation in F344 rats. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 27:25–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fabrikant, J. I., and Cherry, J. 1970. The kinetics of cellular proliferation in normal and malignant tis-sues. X. Cell proliferation in the nose and adjoining cavities. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 79:572–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harkema, J. R. 1990. Comparative pathology of the nasal mucosa in laboratory animals exposed to inhaled irritants. Environ. Health Perspect. 85:231–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, R. J. C., Negroni, G., Ludgate, S., Pick, C. R., Chesterman, F. C., and Maidment, B. J. 1974. The incidence of lung tumours in C57BL mice exposed to cigarette smoke:air mixtures for pro-longed periods. Int. J. Cancer14:130–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, D., and Hoffmann, I. 1997. The changing cigarette, 1950-1995. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 50:307–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotchkiss, J. A., Evans, W. A., Chen, B. T., Finch, G. L., and Harkema, J. R. 1995. Regional differ-ences in the effects of mainstream cigarette smoke on stored mucosubstances and DNA synthe-sis in F344 rat nasal respiratory epithelium. ToxicoL Appl. Pharmacol. 131:316-324. ARC. 1985. Tobacco smoking. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risk Chem. Hum. 38. Leuchtenberger, C., and Leuchtenberger, R. 1974. Differential response of Snell's and C57 black mice to chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke. Onco/ogy29:122–138.
   Google Scholar
• Monticello, T. M., Morgan, K. T., and Hurtt, M. E. 1990. Unit length as the denominator for quantita-tion of cell proliferation in nasal epithelia. ToxicoL Pathol. 18:24–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, K. T., and Monticello, T. M. 1990. Airflow, gas deposition and lesion distribution in the nasal passages. Environ. Health Perspect. 88:209–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagartz, J. W., Madarasz, A. J., Forsell, M. A., Burger, G. T., Ayres, P. H., and Coggins, C. R. E. 1992. Histological sectioning of the rodent larynx for inhalation toxicity testing. Toxicol. Pathol. 20(1): 118–121.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swenberg, J. A., and Maronpot, R. R. 1991. Chemically induced cell proliferation as a criterion in selecting doses for long-term bioassays. In Chemical-induced cell proliferation: Implication for risk assessment, eds. B. E. Butterworth and T. J. Slaga, pp. 245-251. New York: Wiley-Liss Press.
   Google Scholar
• University of Kentucky. 1990. Research Cigarettes: The Reference Cigarette. Tobacco and Health Research Institute. University of Kentucky Printing Service.
   Google Scholar
• Van Vunakis, H., Gjika, H. B., and Langone, J. J. 1987. Environmental carcinogens. Methods of analysis and exposure measurement, vol. 9, Passive smoking. IARC Scientific Publications No. 81. Lyon: ARC.
   Google Scholar
• Vidic, B., Rana, M. W., and Bhagat, B. D. 1974. Reversible damage of rat upper respiratory tract caused by cigarette smoke. Arch. Otolaryngol. 99:110–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, J. M., Uno, H., Kurata, Y., Weghorst, C. M., and Jang, J. 1993. Cell proliferation not associated with carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. Environ. Health Perspect. 101(5)125–136.
   Google Scholar
• Wehner, A. P., Dagle, G. E., Milliman, E. M., Phelps, D. W., Carr, D. B., Decker, J. R., and Filipy, R. E. 1981. Inhalation bioassay of cigarette smoke in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 61(1):1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Williamson, J. T., and Allman, D. R. 1966. The distribution of tobacco smoke constituents between the vapour and particulate phases. Beit. Tabakforsch.3(9):590–596.
   Google Scholar
• Witschi, H., Espiritu, I., Maronpot, R. R., Pinkerton, K. E., and Jones, A. D. 1997. The carcinogenic potential of the gas phase of environmental tobacco smoke. Carcinogenesis18(11):2035–2042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, J. T. 1981. Histopathologic examination of the rat nasal cavity. Fundam. AppL Toxicol. 1:39–312.
   Google Scholar
• Dalbey, W.E., Nettesheim, P., Griesmer, R., Caton, J. E., and Guerin, M. R. 1980. Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke by F344 rats. JNCI 64(2):383–390.
   Google Scholar