A systematic review investigating the proportion of clinical images shared in prospective randomized controlled trials involving patients with atopic dermatitis and systemic pharmacotherapy

References

• Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020;396(10247):1–9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31286-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ständer S. Atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1136–1143. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2023911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI. Comorbidities and the impact of atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2019;123(2):144–151. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.04.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang EJ, Beck KM, Sekhon S, et al. The impact of pediatric atopic dermatitis on families: a review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019;36(1):66–71. doi: 10.1111/pde.13727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baghoomian W, Na C, Simpson EL. New and emerging biologics for atopic dermatitis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(4):457–465. doi: 10.1007/s40257-020-00515-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang IH, Chung WH, Wu PC, et al. JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: an updated review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1068260. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1068260.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NICE Evidence Reviews Collection. Evidence review for interventions to support effective shared decision making: shared decision making: evidence review B. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis DMR, Drucker AM, Alikhan A, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in adults with phototherapy and systemic therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;90(2):e43–e56. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.08.102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema: part I - systemic therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(9):1409–1431. doi: 10.1111/jdv.18345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, et al. First update of the living European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(11):e1283–e1287. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polesie S, Alinaghi F, Egeberg A. A systematic review investigating at what proportion clinical images are shared in prospective randomized controlled trials involving patients with psoriasis and biological agents. J Dermatolog Treat. 2023;34(1):2281261. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2023.2281261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangert C, Loesche C, Skvara H, et al. IgE depletion with ligelizumab does not significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2023;143(10):1896 e1898–1905 e1898. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cork MJ, Thaçi D, Eichenfield LF, et al. Dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a phase IIa open-label trial and subsequent phase III open-label extension. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(1):85–96. doi: 10.1111/bjd.18476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cork MJ, Thaçi D, Eichenfield LF, et al. Dupilumab provides favourable long-term safety and efficacy in children aged >/= 6 to < 12 years with uncontrolled severe atopic dermatitis: results from an open-label phase IIa study and subsequent phase III open-label extension study. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(5):857–870. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granlund H, Erkko P, Reitamo S. Comparison of the influence of cyclosporine and topical betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate treatment on quality of life in chronic hand eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 1997;77(1):54–58. doi: 10.2340/00015555775458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman-Yassky E, Silverberg JI, Thaci D, et al. Upadacitinib treatment withdrawal and retreatment in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a phase 2b, randomized, controlled trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(12):2558–2568. doi: 10.1111/jdv.19391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irvine AD, Jones AP, Beattie P, et al. A randomized controlled trial protocol assessing the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of methotrexate vs. ciclosporin in the treatment of severe atopic eczema in children: the TREatment of severe atopic eczema trial (TREAT). Br J Dermatol. 2018;179(6):1297–1306. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh N, Ohya Y, Murota H, et al. A phase 3 randomized, multicenter, double-blind study to evaluate the safety of upadacitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in adolescent and adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in Japan (rising up): an interim 24-week analysis. JAAD Int. 2022;6:27–36. doi: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.11.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossi M, Rovati C, Arisi M, et al. A short cycle of narrow-band UVB phototherapy in the early phase of dupilumab therapy can provide a quicker improvement of severe atopic dermatitis. Dermatology. 2021;237(3):407–415. doi: 10.1159/000512456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegfried EC, Simpson EL, Cork MJ, et al. Dupilumab treatment leads to rapid and consistent improvement of atopic dermatitis in all anatomical regions in patients aged 6 months to 5 years. Dermatol Ther. 2023;13(9):1987–2000. doi: 10.1007/s13555-023-00960-w.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI, de Bruin-Weller M, Bieber T, et al. Upadacitinib plus topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis: week 52 AD up study results. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(3):977–987 e914. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaçi D, L Simpson E, Deleuran M, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab monotherapy in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a pooled analysis of two phase 3 randomized trials (LIBERTY AD SOLO 1 and LIBERTY AD SOLO 2). J Dermatol Sci. 2019;94(2):266–275. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal US, Besarwal RK. Topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream alone and in combination with azathioprine in patients with chronic hand eczema: an observer blinded randomized comparative trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2013;79(1):101–103. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.104679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck LA, Thaçi D, Hamilton JD, et al. Dupilumab treatment in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(2):130–139. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1314768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bemanian MH, Movahedi M, Farhoudi A, et al. High doses intravenous immunoglobulin versus oral cyclosporine in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005;4:139–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berth-Jones J, Takwale A, Tan E, et al. Azathioprine in severe adult atopic dermatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147(2):324–330. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04989.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieber T, Reich K, Paul C, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to ciclosporin: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial (BREEZE-AD4). Br J Dermatol. 2022;187(3):338–352. doi: 10.1111/bjd.21630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieber T, Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, et al. Abrocitinib versus placebo or dupilumab for atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(12):1101–1112. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2019380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blauvelt A, de Bruin-Weller M, Gooderham M, et al. Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a 1-year, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10086):2287–2303. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31191-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blauvelt A, Teixeira HD, Simpson EL, et al. Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib vs dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(9):1047–1055. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.3023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czech W, Bräutigam M, Weidinger G, et al. A body-weight-independent dosing regimen of cyclosporine microemulsion is effective in severe atopic dermatitis and improves the quality of life. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:653–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Bruin-Weller M, Thaci D, Smith CH, et al. Dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroid treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis with an inadequate response or intolerance to ciclosporin a or when this treatment is medically inadvisable: a placebo-controlled, randomized phase III clinical trial (LIBERTY AD CAFE). Br J Dermatol. 2018;178(5):1083–1101. doi: 10.1111/bjd.16156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichenfield LF, Flohr C, Sidbury R, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in combination with topical therapy in adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: the JADE TEEN randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(10):1165–1173. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.2830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Khalawany MA, Hassan H, Shaaban D, et al. Methotrexate versus cyclosporine in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in children: a multicenter experience from Egypt. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(3):351–356. doi: 10.1007/s00431-012-1893-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flohr C, Rosala-Hallas A, Jones AP, et al. Efficacy and safety of ciclosporin versus methotrexate in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in children and young people (TREAT): a multicentre parallel group assessor-blinded clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2023;189(6):674–684. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooderham MJ, Forman SB, Bissonnette R, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral janus kinase 1 inhibitor abrocitinib for patients with atopic dermatitis: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(12):1371–1379. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.2855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goujon C, Viguier M, Staumont-Salle D, et al. Methotrexate versus cyclosporine in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a phase III randomized noninferiority trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2018;6(2):562 e563–569 e563. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granlund H, Erkko P, Eriksson E, et al. Comparison of cyclosporine and topical betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate in the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 1996;76(5):371–376. doi: 10.2340/0001555576371376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutermuth J, Pink AE, Worm M, et al. Tralokinumab plus topical corticosteroids in adults with severe atopic dermatitis and inadequate response to or intolerance of ciclosporin A: a placebo-controlled, randomized, phase III clinical trial (ECZTRA 7). Br J Dermatol. 2022;186(3):440–452. doi: 10.1111/bjd.20832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman-Yassky E, Silverberg JI, Nemoto O, et al. Baricitinib in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 2 parallel, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled multiple-dose study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):913–921 e919. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman-Yassky E, Teixeira HD, Simpson EL, et al. Once-daily upadacitinib versus placebo in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (measure up 1 and measure up 2): results from two replicate double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2021;397(10290):2151–2168. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00588-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman-Yassky E, Thaci D, Pangan AL, et al. Upadacitinib in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: 16-week results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(3):877–884. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.11.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haeck IM, Knol MJ, Ten Berge O, et al. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium versus cyclosporin a as long-term treatment in adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(6):1074–1084. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.04.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper JI, Ahmed I, Barclay G, et al. Cyclosporin for severe childhood atopic dermatitis: short course versus continuous therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(1):52–58. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03241.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang D, Lu J, Tan F. Improvement of pruritus and efficacy in the early stage of therapy with upadacitinib, abrocitinib, or dupilumab in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: prospective, cohort, observational study. Dermatitis. 2024;35(1):77–83. doi: 10.1089/derm.2023.0132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin SY, Lim WS, Sung NH, et al. Combination of glucosamine and low-dose cyclosporine for atopic dermatitis treatment: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel clinical trial. Dermatol Ther. 2015;28(1):44–51. doi: 10.1111/dth.12163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JE, Shin JM, Ko JY, et al. Importance of concomitant topical therapy in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis treated with cyclosporine. Dermatol Ther. 2016;29(2):120–125. doi: 10.1111/dth.12333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppelhus U, Poulsen J, Grunnet N, et al. Cyclosporine and extracorporeal photopheresis are equipotent in treating severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized cross-over study comparing two efficient treatment modalities. Front Med. 2014;1:33. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2014.00033.
   Google Scholar
• Kwon HB, Ahn BJ, Choi Y, et al. Combination of glucosamine improved therapeutic effect of low-dose cyclosporin a in patients with atopic dermatitis: a pilot study. J Dermatol. 2013;40(3):207–210. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meggitt SJ, Gray JC, Reynolds NJ. Azathioprine dosed by thiopurine methyltransferase activity for moderate-to-severe atopic eczema: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;367(9513):839–846. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68340-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merola JF, Chiou AS, During E, et al. Dupilumab significantly improves sleep in adults with atopic dermatitis: results from the 12-week placebo-controlled period of the 24-week phase IV randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled DUPISTAD study. Br J Dermatol. 2023;189(6):685–694. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro CS, Levell NJ, Shuster S, et al. Maintenance treatment with cyclosporin in atopic eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130(3):376–380. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02936.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacor ML, Di Lorenzo G, Martinelli N, et al. Comparing tacrolimus ointment and oral cyclosporine in adult patients affected by atopic dermatitis: a randomized study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2004;34(4):639–645. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1907.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paller AS, Flohr C, Cork M, et al. Efficacy and safety of tralokinumab in adolescents with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: the phase 3 ECZTRA 6 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2023;159(6):596–605. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.0627.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Thaçi D, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children 6 to 11 years old with severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(5):1282–1293. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paller AS, Simpson EL, Siegfried EC, et al. Dupilumab in children aged 6 months to younger than 6 years with uncontrolled atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022;400(10356):908–919. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01539-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich K, Kabashima K, Peris K, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib combined with topical corticosteroids for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(12):1333–1343. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.3260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich K, Teixeira HD, de Bruin-Weller M, et al. Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD up): results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10290):2169–2181. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00589-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich K, Thyssen JP, Blauvelt A, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib versus dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2022;400(10348):273–282. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01199-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salek MS, Finlay AY, Luscombe DK, et al. Cyclosporin greatly improves the quality of life of adults with severe atopic dermatitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 1993;129(4):422–430. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03170.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt J, Schäkel K, Fölster-Holst R, et al. Prednisolone vs. ciclosporin for severe adult eczema. An investigator-initiated double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre trial. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162(3):661–668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09561.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schram ME, Roekevisch E, Leeflang MM, et al. A randomized trial of methotrexate versus azathioprine for severe atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;128(2):353–359. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.03.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI, Simpson EL, Thyssen JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(8):863–873. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI, Toth D, Bieber T, et al. Tralokinumab plus topical corticosteroids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from the double-blind, randomized, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase III ECZTRA 3 trial. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(3):450–463. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson EL, Bieber T, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Two phase 3 trials of dupilumab versus placebo in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2335–2348. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1610020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson EL, Forman S, Silverberg JI, et al. Baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a randomized monotherapy phase 3 trial in the United States and Canada (BREEZE-AD5). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;85(1):62–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.02.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson EL, Lacour JP, Spelman L, et al. Baricitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis and inadequate response to topical corticosteroids: results from two randomized monotherapy phase III trials. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(2):242–255. doi: 10.1111/bjd.18898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson EL, Paller AS, Siegfried EC, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(1):44–56. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson EL, Sinclair R, Forman S, et al. Efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (JADE Mono-1): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10246):255–266. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30732-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sowden JM, Berth-Jones J, Ross JS, et al. Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 1991;338(8760):137–140. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90134-b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaçi D, Simpson EL, Beck LA, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis inadequately controlled by topical treatments: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10013):40–52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00388-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrelo A, Rewerska B, Galimberti M, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib in combination with topical corticosteroids in paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with an inadequate response to topical corticosteroids: results from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (BREEZE-AD PEDS). Br J Dermatol. 2023;189(1):23–32. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsianakas A, Luger TA, Radin A. Dupilumab treatment improves quality of life in adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2018;178(2):406–414. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Joost T, Heule F, Korstanje M, et al. Cyclosporin in atopic dermatitis: a multicentre placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130(5):634–640. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13111.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorberg AN, Kamphuis E, Christoffers WA, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin versus oral azathioprine in patients with severe chronic hand eczema: results from a prematurely discontinued randomized controlled trial. Contact Dermatitis. 2022;87(4):366–368. doi: 10.1111/cod.14161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voorberg AN, Kamphuis E, Christoffers WA, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic hand eczema with inadequate response or intolerance to alitretinoin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb proof-of-concept study. Br J Dermatol. 2023;189(4):400–409. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahlgren CF, Scheynius A, Hägermark O. Antipruritic effect of oral cyclosporin a in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1990;70(4):323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollenberg A, Blauvelt A, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Tralokinumab for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: results from two 52-week, randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase III trials (ECZTRA 1 and ECZTRA 2). Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(3):437–449. doi: 10.1111/bjd.19574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollenberg A, Howell MD, Guttman-Yassky E, et al. Treatment of atopic dermatitis with tralokinumab, an anti-IL-13 mAb. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(1):135–141. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Wu L, Lu Q, et al. The efficacy and safety of dupilumab in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol. 2022;186(4):633–641. doi: 10.1111/bjd.20690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonneveld IM, De Rie MA, Beljaards RC, et al. The long-term safety and efficacy of cyclosporin in severe refractory atopic dermatitis: a comparison of two dosage regimens. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135 Suppl 48:15–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb00704.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurbriggen B, Wüthrich B, Cachelin AB, et al. Comparison of two formulations of cyclosporin a in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis. A double-blind, single-centre, cross-over pilot study. Dermatology. 1999;198(1):56–60. doi: 10.1159/000018065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taichman DB, Backus J, Baethge C, et al. Sharing clinical trial data: a proposal from the international committee of medical journal editors. Lancet. 2016;387(10016):e9–e11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01279-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taichman DB, Sahni P, Pinborg A, et al. Data sharing statements for clinical trials: a requirement of the international committee of medical journal editors. Lancet. 2017;389(10086):e12–e14. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31282-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams HC, Schmitt J, Thomas KS, et al. The HOME core outcome set for clinical trials of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(6):1899–1911. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverberg JI, Horeczko J, Alexis A. Development of an eczema area and severity index atlas for diverse skin types. Dermatitis. 2024;35(2):173–177. doi: 10.1089/derm.2023.0051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar