Modeling Business Capabilities in Enterprise Architecture Practice: The Case of Business Capability Models

References

• Ahlemann, F., Stettiner, E., Messerschmidt, M., & Legner, C. (Eds.). (2012). Strategic enterprise architecture management: Challenges, best practices, and future developments. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14571-6 6
   Google Scholar
• Aldea, A., Iacob, M. E., van Hillegersberg, J., Quartel, D., & Franken, H. (2015). “Capability-based planning with archiMate: Linking motivation to implementation.” In: S. Hammoudi, L. Maciaszek, & E. Teniente (Eds.) Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Barcelona, Spain: SciTePress, pp. 352–359.
   Google Scholar
• ArchiMate. (2016). “ArchiMate 3.0 specification”. The Open Group. URL http://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/archimate3-doc/
   Google Scholar
• Avison, D., & Malaurent, J. (2014). Is theory king?: Questioning the theory fetish in information systems. Journal of Information Technology, 29(4), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2014.8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azevedo, C. L. B., Iacob, M.-E., Almeida, J. P. A., van Sinderen, M., Pires, L. F., & Guizzardi, G. (2015). Modeling resources and capabilities in enterprise architecture: a well-founded ontology-based proposal for archiMate. Information Systems, 54(1), 235–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2015.04.008
   Google Scholar
• Beimborn, D., Martin, S. F., & Homann, U. (2005). “Capability-oriented modeling of the firm.” In: Unknown (ed.) Proceedings of the IPSI Conference, Amalfi, Italy: Goethe University Frankfurt, pp. 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, S. A. (2020). An introduction to holistic enterprise architecture (4th Edition ed.). AuthorHouse.
   Google Scholar
• Bondel, G., Faber, A., & Matthes, F. (2018). “Reporting from the implementation of a business capability map as business-it alignment tool.” In: S. Nurcan & R. Schmidt (Eds.) Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops, Stockholm: IEEE, pp. 125–134.
   Google Scholar
• BPMN. (2011). “Business process model and notation (bpmn), version 2.0”. Object Management Group (OMG. URL https://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0
   Google Scholar
• Brits, J.-P., Botha, G., & Herselman, M. (2007). “Conceptual framework for modeling business capabilities.” In: Unknown (ed.)Proceedings of the 2007 Informing Science and IT Education Joint Conference, Ljubljana: Informing Science Institute, pp. 151–170.
   Google Scholar
• BSP. (1975). Business systems planning: information systems planning guide. IBM Corporation. (#GE20-0527-1).
   Google Scholar
• BSP. (1984). “Business systems planning: information systems planning guide. (4th Edition) ed). IBM Corporation. [ (#GE20-0527-4)].
   Google Scholar
• Burton, B. (2010). Eight business capability modeling best practices. Gartner. ( (#G00175782)).
   Google Scholar
• Burton, B. (2012). Eight business capability modeling best practices enhance business and IT collaboration. Gartner. ( (#G00245455)).
   Google Scholar
• Burton, B. (2013). Business capability modeling helps mercy execute on business transformation. Gartner. ( (#G00245456)).
   Google Scholar
• Cantara, M., Burton, B., & Scheibenreif, D. (2016). Eight best practices for creating high-impact business capability models. Gartner. ( (#G00314568)).
   Google Scholar
• Cantara, M., Burton, B., Weldon, L., & Scheibenreif, D. (2016). Three things cios can say to get ceos excited about business capability modeling. Gartner. ( (#G00320029)).
   Google Scholar
• Chen, P. P.-S. (1976). The entity-relationship model - toward a unified view of data. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 1(1), 9–36. https://doi.org/10.1145/320434.320440
   Google Scholar
• Colter, M. A. (1984). A comparative examination of systems analysis techniques. MIS Quarterly, 8(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.2307/249244
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couger, J. D. (1973). Evolution of business system analysis techniques. ACM Computing Surveys, 5(3), 167–198. https://doi.org/10.1145/356619.356621
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd Edition ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• DoDAF. (2015). “DoD architecture framework, version 2.02, change 1 (volume ii: architectural data and models) (architect’s guide)”. Department of Defense (DoD).
   Google Scholar
• EA on a Page. (2022). “Enterprise architecture on a page (v2.0)”. SK Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Espana, S., Grabis, J., Henkel, M., Koc, H., Sandkuhl, K., Stirna, J., & Zdravkovic, J. (2015). “Strategies for capability modelling: analysis based on initial experiences.” In: A. Persson & J. Stirna (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops, Stockholm: Springer, pp. 40–52.
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, C. (1989). An introduction to information engineering: From strategic planning to information systems. Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Frank, U. (2002). “Multi-perspective enterprise modeling (memo) - conceptual framework and modeling languages.” In: R. H. Sprague (Ed.), Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI: IEEE, pp. 1258–1267.
   Google Scholar
• Gagnon, B., & Hadaya, P. (2020). “Creating business capability maps that matter (part 1)”. ASATE Group.
   Google Scholar
• Gane, C. P., & Sarson, T. (1979). Structured systems analysis: Tools and techniques. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Glans, T. B., Grad, B., Holstein, D., Meyers, W. E., & Schmidt, R. N. (1968). Management Systems. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Greski, L. (2009). Business capability modeling: Theory & practice. Architecture and Governance Magazine, 5(7), 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Hadaya, P., & Gagnon, B. (2017). Business architecture: the missing link in strategy formulation, implementation and execution. ASATE Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Hambrick, D. C. (2007). The field of management’s devotion to theory: too much of a good thing? Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), 1346–1352. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.28166119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman, W., Matthes, H., & Proeme, A. (1968). Management information systems handbook: analysis, requirements determination, design and development, implementation and evaluation. Philips-Electrologica.
   Google Scholar
• Helfat, C. E. (2007). Stylized facts, empirical research and theory development in management. Strategic Organization, 5(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127007077559
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honeywell. (1968). Business information systems analysis & design: Student reference guide. Honeywell Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, W. (2015). Using capability models for strategic alignment. In D. Simon & C. Schmidt (Eds.), Business architecture management: architecting the business for consistency and alignment (pp. 107–122). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14571-6 6
   Google Scholar
• Khosroshahi, P. A., Hauder, M., & Matthes, F. (2016). “Analyzing the evolution and usage of enterprise architecture management patterns.” In: J. Nunamaker, B. Shin, R. Nickerson, & R. Sharda (Eds.) Proceedings of the 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems, San Diego, CA: Association for Information Systems, pp. 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Khosroshahi, P. A., Hauder, M., Volkert, S., Matthes, F., & Gernegross, M. (2018). “Business Capability Maps: Current Practices and Use Cases for Enterprise Architecture Management.” In: T. X. Bui (Ed.) Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Big Island, HI: Association for Information Systems, pp. 4603–4612.
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2016). The history of enterprise architecture: An evidence-based review. Journal of Enterprise Architecture, 12(1), 29–37.
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2017a). “Eight essential enterprise architecture artifacts”. British Computer Society (BCS. [ URL] https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/eight-essential-enterprise-architecture-artifacts/
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2017b). Enterprise architecture: what did we study? International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, 26(4), 1–84. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218843017300029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2019a). Enterprise architecture and enterprise architecture artifacts: questioning the old concept in light of new findings. Journal of Information Technology, 34(2), 102–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396218816273
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2019b). Fake and real tools for enterprise architecture: the zachman framework and business capability model. Enterprise Architecture Professional Journal (EAPJ), URL https://eapj.org/fake-and-real-tools-for-enterprise-architecture/
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2020). The hard side of business and it alignment. IT Professional, 22(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2019.2912136
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2021a). “The most important property of enterprise architecture artifacts”. British Computer Society (BCS. [ URL] https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/the-most-important-property-of-enterprise-architecture-artifacts/
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S. (2021b). The practice of enterprise architecture: A modern approach to business and it alignment (2nd Edition ed.). SK Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S., & Kurnia, S. (2021). The theoretical basis of enterprise architecture: A critical review and taxonomy of relevant theories. Journal of Information Technology, 36(3), 275–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268396220977873
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S., Kurnia, S., & Dilnutt, R. (2020). “Roles of different artifacts in enterprise architecture practice: An exploratory study.” In: E. Karahanna, G. Oestreicher-Singer, & S. Sarker (Eds.) Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Information Systems, Hyderabad, India: Association for Information Systems, pp. 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S., Kurnia, S., & Dilnutt, R. (2022). The practical roles of enterprise architecture artifacts: a classification and relationship. Information and Software Technology, 147(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.106897
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S., Kurnia, S., & Dilnutt, R. (2023). Enterprise architecture artifacts as boundary objects: an empirical analysis. Information and Software Technology, 155(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107108
   Google Scholar
• Kotusev, S., Singh, M., & Storey, I. (2015). “Investigating the usage of enterprise architecture artifacts.” In: J. Becker, J. vom Brocke, & M. de Marco (Eds.) Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on Information Systems, Munster, Germany: Association for Information Systems, pp. 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Kurnia, S., Kotusev, S., Dilnutt, R., Taylor, P., Shanks, G., & Milton, S. (2020). “Artifacts, activities, benefits and blockers: Exploring enterprise architecture practice in depth.” In: T. X. Bui (Ed.) Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, HI: University of Hawaii at Manoa, pp. 5583–5592.
   Google Scholar
• Kurnia, S., Kotusev, S., Shanks, G., Dilnutt, R., Taylor, P., & Milton, S. (2021). Enterprise architecture practice under a magnifying glass: linking artifacts, activities, benefits, and blockers. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 49(1), 668–698. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04936
   Google Scholar
• Lankhorst, M. (2017). Enterprise architecture at work: modelling, communication and analysis (4th Edition ed.). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• LeanIX. (2016). “Business capabilities: how to win the digital age with a common language for business & IT”.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, A. S., & Baskerville, R. L. (2003). Generalizing generalizability in information systems research. Information Systems Research, 14(3), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.3.221.16560
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marca, D. A., & McGowan, C. L. (2005). IDEF0 and SADT: A modeler’s guide. OpenProcess, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Martin, J. (1989). Information engineering (book i: introduction, book ii: planning and analysis. Design and Construction).
   Google Scholar
• Martin, J., & Finkelstein, C. (1981). Information engineering (volumes I and II). Savant Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Merrifield, R., Calhoun, J., & Stevens, D. (2008). The next revolution in Productivity. Harvard Business Review, 86(6), 72–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (An Expanded Sourcebook (2nd Edition) ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, D. (2007). Paradigm prison, or in praise of atheoretic research. Strategic Organization, 5(2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127007077558
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, S. J., & Gotel, O. C. Z. (2006). “Flow diagrams: rise and fall of the first software engineering notation.” In: D. Barker-Plummer, R. Cox, & N. Swoboda (Eds.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Theory and Application of Diagrams, Stanford, CA: Springer, pp. 130–144.
   Google Scholar
• Nadarajah, S., & Sapkal, A. (2016). “The business capability map: a critical yet often misunderstood concept when moving from program strategy to Implementation”. BPTrends.
   Google Scholar
• Rohloff, M. (2005). “Enterprise architecture - framework and methodology for the design of architectures in the large.” In: D. Bartmann, F. Rajola, J. Kallinikos, D. E. Avison, R. Winter, P. Ein-Dor, J. Becker, F. Bodendorf, & C. Weinhardt (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Information Systems, Regensburg, Germany: Association for Information Systems, pp. 1659–1672.
   Google Scholar
• Ross, J. W., Weill, P., & Robertson, D. C. (2006). Enterprise architecture as strategy: creating a foundation for business execution. Harvard Business School Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scheer, A.-W. (1992). Architecture of integrated information systems: foundations of enterprise modelling. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97389-5 1
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. (2009). Business capability maps: the missing link between business strategy and it action. Architecture and Governance Magazine, 5(9), 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Seddon, P. B., & Scheepers, R. (2012). Towards the improved treatment of generalization of knowledge claims in is research: drawing general conclusions from samples. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(1), 6–21. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEI. (2010). CMMI for development, version 1.3. Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Carnegie Mellon University. (#CMU/SEI-2010-TR-033).
   Google Scholar
• Silver, B. (2012). BPMN method and style: with bpmn implementer’s guide. Cody-Cassidy Press.
   Google Scholar
• SOP. (1961). IBM study organization plan: documentation techniques. IBM Corporation. (#SC20-8075-0).
   Google Scholar
• Spewak, S. H., & Hill, S. C. (1992). Enterprise architecture planning: Developing a blueprint for data, applications and Technology. Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd Edition ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Swindell, A. (2014). Business capability models: why you might be missing out on better business outcomes. Architecture and Governance Magazine, 10(2), 3–7.
   Google Scholar
• Tiwary, A., & Unhelkar, B. (2018). Outcome-driven business architecture: synergizing strategies and intelligence with architecture. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315120218
   Google Scholar
• TOGAF. (2018). The TOGAF standard, version 9.2. The Open Group. (#C182).
   Google Scholar
• Toppenberg, G., Henningsson, S., & Shanks, G. (2015). How cisco systems used enterprise architecture capability to sustain acquisition-based growth. MIS Quarterly Executive, 14(4), 151–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich, W., & Rosen, M. (2011). The business capability map: The “rosetta stone” of business/it alignment. Cutter Consortium Executive Report, 14(2), 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• UML. (2015). “Unified modeling language (uml), version 2.5”. Object Management Group (OMG. URL https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5
   Google Scholar
• Van’t Wout, J., Waage, M., Hartman, H., Stahlecker, M., & Hofman, A. (2010). The integrated architecture framework explained: why, what, how. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11518-9
   Google Scholar
• VDML. (2018). “Value delivery modeling language (vdml), version 1.1”. Object Management Group (OMG. URL https://www.omg.org/spec/VDML/1.1
   Google Scholar
• Weber, P., Hiller, S., & Lasi, H. (2019). “Design and evaluation of an approach to generate cross-domain value scenarios in the context of the industrial internet of things: A capability-based approach.” In: D. F. Kocaoglu, T. R. Anderson, D. C. Kozanoglu, K. Niwa, & H. J. Steenhuis (Eds.) Proceedings of the 2019 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, Portland, OR: IEEE, pp. 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Weldon, L., & Burton, B. (2011). Use business capability modeling to illustrate strategic business priorities. Gartner. ( (#G00217535)).
   Google Scholar
• White, S. A., & Miers, D. (2008). BPMN modeling and reference guide: understanding and using BPMN. Future Strategies.
   Google Scholar
• Wierda, G. (2017). Mastering ArchiMate (edition iii): a serious introduction to the archimate enterprise architecture modeling language. R&A.
   Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, F., & Matthes, F. (2021). “Application of interorganizational business capability maps in different forms of horizontal enterprise architecture collaboration.” In: J. P. A. Almeida, G. Guizzardi, M. Montali, & H. A. Proper (Eds.) Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE Conference on Business Informatics, Bolzano, Italy: IEEE, pp. 82–91.
   Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, F., Schmidt, O., & Matthes, F. (2021). “Interorganizational business capability maps: use cases for horizontal collaboration.” In: B. Aubert, G. Pare, & W. Chin (Eds.) Proceedings of the 27th Americas Conference on Information Systems, Montreal, Canada: Association for Information Systems, pp. 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: design and methods (6th Edition ed.). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• YOURDON Inc. (1993). Yourdon systems method: Model-driven systems development. Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Zdravkovic, J., Stirna, J., Henkel, M., & Grabis, J. (2013). “Modeling business capabilities and context dependent delivery by cloud services.” In: C. Salinesi, M. C. Norrie, & O. Pastor (Eds.), Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Valencia, Spain: Springer, pp. 369–383.
   Google Scholar