The associations between repetitive negative thinking, insomnia symptoms, and sleep quality in adults with a history of trauma

References

• Agley, J., Xiao, Y., Nolan, R., & Golzarri-Arroyo, L. (2022). Quality control questions on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk): A randomized trial of impact on the USAUDIT, PHQ-9, and GAD-7. Behavior Research Methods, 54(2), 885–897. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01665-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.) https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.
   Google Scholar
• Arditte, K. A., Çek, D., Shaw, A. M., & Timpano, K. R. (2016). The importance of assessing clinical phenomena in Mechanical Turk research. Psychological Assessment, 28(6), 684. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arditte Hall, K. A., Werner, K. B., Griffin, M. G., & Galovski, T. E. (2023). Exploring predictors of sleep state misperception in women with posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 21(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2021.2024193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastien, C. H., Vallieres, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belleville, G., Guay, S., & Marchand, A. (2011). Persistence of sleep disturbances following cognitive-behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70(4), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.09.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borders, A., Rothman, D. J., & McAndrew, L. M. (2015). Sleep problems may mediate associations between rumination and PTSD and depressive symptoms among OIF/OEF veterans. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036937
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F. I. I. I., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carney, C. E., Harris, A. L., Moss, T. G., & Edinger, J. D. (2010). Distinguishing rumination from worry in clinical insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(6), 540–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998). Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00298-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler, J., & Shapiro, D. (2016). Conducting clinical research using crowdsourced convenience samples. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 53–81. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler, J., Sisso, I., & Shapiro, D. (2020). Participant carelessness and fraud: Consequences for clinical research and potential solutions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clohessy, S., & Ehlers, A. (1999). PTSD symptoms, response to intrusive memories and coping in ambulance service workers. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466599162836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., & Ehlers, A. (2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giosan, C., Malta, L. S., Wyka, K., Jayasinghe, N., Evans, S., Difede, J., & Avram, E. (2015). Sleep disturbance, disability, and posttraumatic stress disorder in utility workers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, N. (2015). A guide to using MTurk to distribute a survey or experimental instrument. SSRN Electronic Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2664339
   Google Scholar
• Kircanski, K., LeMoult, J., Ordaz, S., & Gotlib, I. H. (2017). Investigating the nature of co-occurring depression and anxiety: Comparing diagnostic and dimensional research approaches. Journal of Affective Disorders, 216, 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleim, B., Ehlers, A., & Glucksman, E. (2007). Early predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in assault survivors. Psychological Medicine, 37(10), 1457–1467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koffel, E., Khawaja, I. S., & Germain, A. (2016). Sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: Updated review and implications for treatment. Psychiatric Annals, 46(3), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20160125-01
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, S. E., Fleming, C. J., & Resick, P. A. (2019). Residual symptoms following empirically supported treatment for PTSD. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. J., Kearns, J. C., Stanley, I. H., Spitzer, E. G., Woodward, B., Keane, T. M., & Marx, B. P. (2021). A comparison of dimensional and categorical approaches to characterizing the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and future suicide attempts. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(6), 1099–1107. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemyre, A., Belzile, F., Landry, M., Bastien, C. H., & Beaudoin, L. P. (2020). Pre-sleep cognitive activity in adults: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 50, 101253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulds, M. L., Bisby, M. A., Wild, J., & Bryant, R. A. (2020). Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for PTSD. (2022, April 6). PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Olatunji, B. O., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Sawchuk, C. N., & Ciesielski, B. G. (2010). Worry and the anxiety disorders: A meta-analytic synthesis of specificity to GAD. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 14(1-4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appsy.2011.03.001
   Google Scholar
• Pfaff, A., & Schlarb, A. A. (2022). Child maltreatment and sleep: Two pathways explaining the link. Journal of Sleep Research, 31(2), e13455. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai, V., Steenburg, L. A., Ciesla, J. A., Roth, T., & Drake, C. L. (2014). A seven day actigraphy-based study of rumination and sleep disturbance among young adults with depressive symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77(1), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Wachen, J. S., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., & Hembree, E. A. (2016). Residual sleep disturbances following PTSD treatment in active duty military personnel. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(6), 697–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short, N. A., Allan, N. P., Stentz, L., Portero, A. K., & Schmidt, N. B. (2018). Predictors of insomnia symptoms and nightmares among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(1), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoormaker, V. I., & Montgomery, P. (2008). Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: Secondary symptom or core feature? Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(3), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2007.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Keane, T. M., Palmieri, P. A., Marx, B. P., & Schnurr, P. P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Available from the National Center for PTSD website at http://www.ptsd.va.gov.
   Google Scholar
• Werner, G. G., Danböck, S. K., Metodiev, S., & Kunze, A. E. (2020). Pre-sleep arousal and fear of sleep in trauma-related sleep disturbances: A cluster-analytic approach. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.v2i2.2699
   Google Scholar
• Werner, G. G., Riemann, D., & Ehring, T. (2021). Fear of sleep and trauma-induced insomnia: A review and conceptual model. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 55, 101383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward, E., Sachschal, J., Beierl, E. T., & Ehlers, A. (2019). Night-time rumination in PTSD: Development and validation of a brief measure. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1651476. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1651476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, K. M., Britt, T. W., Bliese, P. D., Adler, A. B., Picchioni, D., & Moore, D. (2011). Insomnia as predictor versus outcome of PTSD and depression among Iraq combat veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(12), 1240–1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar