Degree of Bystander-Patient Relationship and Prehospital Care for Opioid Overdose

References

• National Institute on Drug Abuse. Overdose death rates [about 7 screens]. Rockville (MD): National Institute on Drug Abuse; 2018, August. [cited 2018 Sep 26]. [Internet]. Available from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates.
   Google Scholar
• Parker CM, Hirsch JS, Hansen HB, Branas C, Martins SS. Facing opioids in the shadow of the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2019 ;380(1):1–3. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1813836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad FB, Escobedo LA, Rossen LM, Spencer MR, Warner M, Sutton P. Provisional drug overdose death counts. National Center for Health Statistics, 2019;
   Google Scholar
• Spencer MR, Warner M, Bastian BA, Trinidad JP, Hedegaard H. Drug overdose deaths involving fentanyl, 2011-2016. National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System. 2019;68(3):1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frank RG, Pollack HA. Addressing the fentanyl threat to public health. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(7):605–607. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1615145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis C, Webb D, Burris S. Changing law from barrier to facilitator of opioid overdose prevention. J Law Med Ethics. 2013;41(1_suppl):33–36. doi:10.1111/jlme.12035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawk KF, Vaca FE, D’Onofrio G. Focus: addiction: reducing fatal opioid overdose: prevention, treatment and harm reduction strategies. Yale J Biol Med. 2015;88(3):235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim D, Irwin KS, Khoshnood K. Expanded access to naloxone: options for critical response to the epidemic of opioid overdose mortality. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(3):402–407. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.136937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis CS, Ruiz S, Glynn P, Picariello G, Walley AY. Expanded access to naloxone among firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical technicians in Massachusetts. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(8):e7–9. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler E, Davidson PJ, Jones TS, Irwin KS. Community-based opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone—United States, 2010. MMWR. 2012;61(6):101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, Quinn E, Doe-Simkins M, Sorensen-Alawad A, Ruiz S, Ozonoff A. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346(jan30 5):f174–f174. doi:10.1136/bmj.f174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cash RE, Kinsman J, Crowe RP, Rivard MK, Faul M, Panchal AR. Naloxone administration frequency during emergency medical service events—United States, 2012–2016. Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(31):850–853. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6731a2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivolo-Kantor AM, Seth P, Gladden RM, Mattson CL, Baldwin GT, Kite-Powell A, Coletta MA. Vital signs: trends in emergency department visits for suspected opioid overdoses—United States, July 2016–September 2017. Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(9):279–285. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6709e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copley DP, Mantle JA, Rogers WJ, Russell RO, Jr, Rackley CE. Improved outcome for prehospital cardiopulmonary collapse with resuscitation by bystanders. Circulation. 1977;56(6):901–905. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.56.6.901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins RO, Eisenberg MS, Hallstrom AP, Litwin PE. Survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J. EMerg Med. 1985;3(2):114–119. doi:10.1016/0735-6757(85)90032-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YS, Park S-S, Bae H-J, Cho A-H, Cho Y-J, Han M-K, Heo JH, Kang K, Kim D-E, Kim HY, et al. Stroke awareness decreases prehospital delay after acute ischemic stroke in Korea. BMC Neurol. 2011;11(1):2. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-11-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang KC, Tseng MC, Tan TY. Prehospital delay after acute stroke in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Stroke. 2004 ;35(3):700–704. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000117236.90827.17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan J, Hand P, Sandercock P. A systematic review of barriers to delivery of thrombolysis for acute stroke. Age Ageing. 2004;33(2):116–121. 1doi:10.1093/ageing/afh064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J. Effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Resuscitation. 2000;47(1):59–70. doi:10.1016/S0300-9572(00)00199-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritter G, Wolfe RA, Goldstein S, Landis JR, Vasu CM, Acheson A, Leighton R, Medendrop SV. The effect of bystander CPR on survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Amer Heart J. 1985;110(5):932–937. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(85)90187-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths—United States, 2013–2017. Morbid Mortal Week Rep. 2019;67(5152):1419.
   Google Scholar
• Tobin KE, Davey MA, Latkin CA. Calling emergency medical services during drug overdose: an examination of individual, social and setting correlates. Addiction. 2005;100(3):397–404. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00975.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubowski A, Kunins HV, Huxley-Reicher Z, Siegler A. Knowledge of the 911 Good Samaritan law and 911-calling behavior of overdose witnesses. Substance Abuse. 2018;39(2):233–238. doi:10.1080/08897077.2017.1387213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latimore AD, Bergstein RS. Caught with a body” yet protected by law? Calling 911 for opioid overdose in the context of the Good Samaritan Law. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;50:82–89. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagu T, Anderson BJ, Stein M. Overdoses among friends: drug users are willing to administer naloxone to others. J. Subst. Abuse Treat. 2006;30(2):129–133. doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2005.05.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang J, Best D, Man LH, Noble A, Gossop M. Peer-initiated overdose resuscitation: fellow drug users could be mobilised to implement resuscitation. Int J. Drug Policy. 2000;11(6):437–445. doi:10.1016/S0955-3959(00)00070-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gordon AJ, Zrull M. Social networks and recovery: one year after inpatient treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1991;8(3):143–152. doi:10.1016/0740-5472(91)90005-U.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonucci TC. Social support: theoretical advances, recent findings and pressing issues. In Social support: theory, research and applications. Dordrecht: Springer; 1985. p. 21–37.
   Google Scholar
• Antonucci TC. Social relations: an examination of social networks, social support, and sense of control. In Handbook of the psychology of aging; 2001. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. p. 427.
   Google Scholar
• Parks MP, Pilisuk M. The healing web: social networks and human survival. Hanover and London: University Press of New England; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler E, ones TS, Gilbert MK, Davidson PJ. Opioid overdose prevention programs providing naloxone to laypersons—United States, 2014. MMWR. 2015;64(23):631–635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar