Medical Directors, Facilities, and Finances: Resource Deficiencies in Accredited Paramedic Programs

References

• Rivard MK, Cash RE, Mercer CB, Chrzan K, Panchal AR. Demography of the national emergency medical services workforce: a description of those providing patient care in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021;25(2):213–20. doi:10.1080/10903127.2020.1737282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). National EMS Scope of Practice Model 2019 (Report No. DOT HS 812-666). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. https://www.ems.gov/pdf/National_EMS_Scope_of_Practice_Model_2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Ambulance Association (AAA). 2021 ambulance industry employee turnover study. https://ambulance.org/sp_product/2022-ems-employee-turnover-study/
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Accreditation of Educational Programs for the Emergency Medical Services Professions (COAEMSP). Interpretations of the commission on accreditation of allied health education programs standards and guidelines. https://coaemsp.org/caahep-standards-and-guidelines.
   Google Scholar
• National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT). Paramedic certification. https://www.nremt.org/rwd/public/document/paramedic
   Google Scholar
• Ball MT, Powell JR, Collard L, York DK, Panchal AR. Administrative and educational characteristics of paramedic programs in the United States. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2022;37(2):152–56. doi:10.1017/S1049023X22000115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Committee on Accreditation of Educational Programs for the Emergency Medical Services Professions (COAEMSP). 2020 CoAEMSP annual report- frequently asked questions. https://coaemsp.org/annual-reports-caahep-accredited-programs.
   Google Scholar
• Moungey BM, Mercer CB, Powell JR, Cash RE, Rivard MK, Panchal AR. Paramedic and EMT program performance on certification examinations varies by program size and geographic location. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2022;26(5):673–81. doi:10.1080/10903127.2021.1980163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez S, Crowe RP, Cash RE, Broussard A, Panchal AR. Graduates from accredited paramedic programs have higher pass rates on a national certification examination. J Allied Health. 2018;47(4):250–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Margolis GS, Romero GA, Fernandez AR, Studnek JR. Strategies of high-performing paramedic educational programs. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13(4):505–11. doi:10.1080/10903120902993396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT). Cognitive exams - general information. https://www.nremt.org/Document/cognitive-exams.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Accreditation of Educational Programs for the Emergency Medical Services Professions (COAEMSP). https://coaemsp.org/
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Accreditation of Educational Programs for the Emergency Medical Services Professions (COAEMSP). Resource Assessment Matrix. Committee on Accreditation of Educational Programs for the Emergency Medical Services Professions. https://coaemsp.org/?mdocs-file=5740
   Google Scholar
• National Association of State EMS Officials: State Agencies & Regions. https://nasemso.org/about/state-agencies/
   Google Scholar
• Vaismoradi M, Turunen H, Bondas T. Content analysis and thematic analysis: implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nurs Health Sci. 2013;15(3):398–405. doi:10.1111/nhs.12048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stata. Stata. https://www.stata.com/
   Google Scholar
• McKenna KD, Carhart E, Bercher D, Spain A, Todaro J, Freel J. Simulation use in paramedic education research (SUPER): a descriptive study. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015;19(3):432–40. doi:10.3109/10903127.2014.995845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birt J, Moore E, Cowling M. Improving paramedic distance education through mobile mixed reality simulation. Aust J Educ Technol. 2017;33(6):69–83. doi:10.14742/ajet.3596.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birtill M, King J, Jones D, Thyer L, Pap R, Simpson P. The use of immersive simulation in paramedicine education: a scoping review. Interact Learn Environ. 2023;31(4):2428–43. doi:10.1080/10494820.2021.1889607.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke K, Burke-Samide B. Required changes in the classroom environment it’s a matter of design. Clearing House: J Educ Strategies, Issues Ideas. 2004;77(6):236–40. doi:10.3200/TCHS.77.6.236-240.
   Google Scholar
• Montazami A, Gaterell M, Nicol F, Lumley M, Thoua C. Developing an algorithm to illustrate the likelihood of the dissatisfaction rate with relation to the indoor temperature in naturally ventilated classrooms. Build Environ. 2017;111:61–71. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.10.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruple JA, Frazer GH, Hsieh AB, Bake W, Freel J. The state of EMS education research project: characteristics of EMS educators. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2005;9(2):203–12. doi:10.1080/10903120590924807.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wills HL, Asbury EA. The incidence of anxiety among paramedic students. Aust J Paramed. 2019;16:1–6. doi:10.33151/ajp.16.649.
   Google Scholar
• Bentley MA, Shoben A, Levine R. The demographics and education of emergency medical services (EMS) professionals: a national longitudinal investigation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(S1):S18–s29. In eng). doi:10.1017/s1049023x16001060.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brooks IA, Sayre MR, Spencer C, Archer FL. An historical examination of the development of emergency medical services education in the US through key reports (1966-2014). Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):90–7. doi:10.1017/s1049023x15005506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allmon EW. An exploration of turnover and turnover intention among program directors of nationally accredited paramedic education programs adult, higher, and community education. [theses & dissertations proquest]. Muncie, IN: Ball State University; 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Kokx GA. An exploration of program director leadership practices in nationally accredited paramedic education programs [theses & dissertations proquest]. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho; 2016.
   Google Scholar