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International Review of Law, Computers & Technology Volume 37, 2023 - Issue 3
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Research Articles

Evolving scope of intermediary liability in India

Indranath GuptaJindal Global Law School, O. P. Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Sonipat, IndiaCorrespondence[email protected]
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Lakshmi SrinivasanJindal Global Law School, O. P. Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University, Sonipat, IndiaView further author information
Pages 294-324 | Received 13 Feb 2022, Accepted 31 Dec 2022, Published online: 06 Jan 2023

References

Statutes

  • Copyright Act, 1957, s 52(1)(c).
  • Copyright Rules, 2013 R 75(2).
  • Criminal Code Amendment (Sharing of Abhorrent Violent Material) Act 2019, s 474.33.
  • Digital Millennium Copyright Act, s 512.
  • Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29, Article 2(6), 17.
  • Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (‘Directive on electronic commerce’), Art 15.
  • Draft Information Technology [Intermediaries Guidelines (Amendment) Rules] 2018, Rule 3(2),3(3), 3(8).
  • Films, Videos, and Publications Classification (Urgent Interim Classification of Publications and Prevention of Online Harm) Amendment Bill, s 119L.
  • Indian Penal Code, 1860 s 292.
  • Information Technology Act, 2000, s 2(w), s. 67, s 72, s 80, s 85, s 79(2)(b).
  • Information Technology (Guidelines for Cyber Café) Rules, 2011.
  • Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines) Rules, 2011 [3(2), 3(4)].
  • Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, R 2(1)(v), R 2(1)(q).

Cases

  • Amazon Seller Services Pvt Ltd v Amway India Enterprises Pvt Ltd (2020) 267 DLT 22 (137,138).
  • Amway India Enterprises Pvt Ltd v 1MG Technologies Pvt Ltd (2019) 260 D.L.T. 690 (303).
  • Aneeta Hada v. Godfather Travels & Tours (P) Ltd., (2012) 5 SCC 661. (64).
  • Avnish Bajaj v. State (2008) 150 DLT 769.
  • Christian Louboutin v. Nakul Bajaj (2018) 253 DLT 728 (59, 65, 67, 70, 81, 82).
  • Facebook Inc. v Union of India & Ors. Transfer Petition (Civil) Nos 1943–1946 of 2019.
  • Faheema Shirin RK Vs State of Kerala and ors. AIR (2020) Ker 35.
  • Fair Housing Council of San Fernando Valley v Roommates.com 521 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir. 2008).
  • Google v Vishaka Industries (2020) AIR SC 350.
  • In Re: Prajwala SMW (Crl.) No(s).3/2015.
  • Kamlesh Vaswani v Union of India (2016) 7 SCC 592.
  • MySpace Inc. v. Super Cassettes Industries Ltd (2017) 236 DLT 478 (50, 51, 53–63, 67, 68, 77).
  • Sabu Mathew George vs. Union of India AIR 2018 SC 578.
  • Sharat Babu Digumarti v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi), (2017) 2 SCC 18 (30, 31, 32, 39).
  • Shreya Singhal v Union of India (2015) 5 SCC 1 (121,122).
  • Super Cassettes Industries Ltd. V. Myspace Inc. and anr.(2011) 48 PTC 49 (27, 85,86, 87, 93).

Reports

Government notification / Authority Guidance

Journals

  • Advani, Pritika Rai. 2013. “Intermediary Liability in India.” Economic and Political Weekly 48: 120–128.
  • Arun, Chinmayi. 2014. “Gatekeeper Liability and Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution of India.” NUJS Law Review 7: 73.
  • Arun, Chinmayi, and Sarvjeet Singh. 2015. “Online Intermediaries in India.” NOC Online Intermediaries Case Studies Series.
  • Baistrocchi, Pablo Asbo. 2002. “Liability of Intermediary Service Providers in the EU Directive on Electronic Commerce.” Santa Clara Computer & High Tech Law Journal 19: 111.
  • Belli, Luca, and Jamila Venturini. 2016. “Private Ordering and the Rise of Terms of Service as Cyber Regulation.” Internet Policy Review 5: 4. doi:10.14763/2016.4.441.
  • Blythe, Stephen E. 2006. “A Critique of India’s Information Technology Act and Recommendations for Improvement.” Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 34: 1.
  • del Águila-Obraa, Ana Rosa, A. Padilla-Meléndeza, and C. Serarols-Tarrésb. 2007. “Value Creation and New Intermediaries on Internet: An Exploratory Analysis of the Online News Industry and the Web Content Aggregators.” International Journal of Management & Information Systems 27: 187. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2006.12.003.
  • Douek, Evelyn. 2020. “Australia’s ‘Abhorrent Violent Material’ Law: Shouting Nerd Harder and Drowing Out Speech.” Australian Law Journal 41.
  • Gupta, Indranath, and A. Marsoof. 2019. “Shielding Internet Intermediaries from Copyright Liability: A Comparative Discourse on Safe Harbours in Singapore and India.” Journal of World Intellectual Property 22: 234. doi:10.1111/jwip.12126
  • Gupta, Indranath, and L. Srinivasan. 2020. “No Proactive Monitoring: A Momentary Sigh of Relief for Intermediaries in India.” European Intellectual Property Review 42: 524.
  • Karaganis, Joe, Brianna Schofield, and Jennifer Urban. 2017. “Notice Takedown in Everyday Practice.” UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper 2755628.
  • Kohl, Uta. 2012. “The Rise and Rise of Online Intermediaries in the Governance of the Internet and Beyond – Connectivity Intermediaries.” International Review of Law Computers and Technology 26: 185. doi:10.1080/13600869.2012.698455
  • Kuczerawy, Aleksandra. 2015. “Intermediary Liability and Freedom of Expression: Recent Developments in the EU Notice and Action Initiative.” Computer Law and Security Review 31: 46–49. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2014.11.004
  • Panwar, Aklovya. 2018. “Intermediary Liability for Trademark Infringement in India: The Louboutin Case.” Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice 15: 150–152. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa015.
  • Rao, Suneeti. 2001. “Information Technology Act: Consumers Perspective.” Economic and Political Weekly 36.
  • Saha, Ishaan, and Oieshi Saha. 2018. “Safe Harbour Law in India: Raising the Red Flag in the Wake of Mysapce v. Super Cassettes.” Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice 13: 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx192.
  • Sethia, Aradhya. 2017. “The Troubled Waters of Copyright Safe Harbours in India.” Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice 12: 398–407. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx017.
  • Seymour, Tom, D. Frantsvog, and S. Kumar. 2011. “History of Search Engines.” International Journal of Management and Information Systems 15: 47–58. doi:10.19030/ijmis.v15i4.5799.
  • Shikhiashvili, Lia. 2019. “The Same Problem, Different Outcome: Online Copyright Infringement and Intermediary Liability Under US and EU Laws.” Intellectual Property and Tech Law Journal 24: 125–152.
  • Software Freedom Law Centre. 2014. “Intermediaries, Users and the Law: Analysing Intermediary Liability and the IT Rules.” Software Freedom Law Centre. https://sflc.in/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/eBook-IT-Rules.pdf.

Online sources

Books

  • Cooper, Alan, David Cronin, and Robert Reimann. 2007. About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing.

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